【摘要】 目的调查人造宝石厂和天然宝石厂粉尘危害情况。方法对广东省两种不同生产工艺的宝石加工厂粉尘危害情况调查分析。结果天然宝石厂与人造宝石厂工作场所粉尘平均浓度分别为1.9mg/m3和3.8mg/m3,粉尘中游离SiO2平均含量分别为70.9%和44.9%;4 591名天然宝石厂与2 980名人造宝石厂作业工人中检出各期矽肺分别为137例和111例,检出率分别为3.0%和3.7%,平均发病年龄分别为(30.0±5.5)岁和(30.6±4.1)岁,差异无统计学意义;平均接尘工龄分别为(5.7±2.3)年和(6.8±2.5)年,后者少见合并肺结核者,前者合并肺结核情况较多,并发10.2%;天然宝石厂与人造宝石厂肺通气功能损害发生率分别为49.4%和7.2%,病人伤残鉴定完全丧失劳动能力者分别为56.9%和3.6%,前者对劳动能力的致残程度相对严重。结论与天然宝石加工厂比较,人造宝石加工厂矽肺预后相对较好。宝石加工粉尘对工人健康影响极大,对宝石加工行业加大力度进行粉尘治理刻不容缓。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To survey the hazardous impact of gem dust on the health of workers. Methods 4 563 workers in the gem factory in Guangdong Province were surveyed and labor hygiene in the workshop were measured. Results The average dust concentration in natural and artificial gem processing workshops were 1.9mg/m~3 and 3.8mg/m~3,and the average free silicon contents of the gem dusts were 70.9% and 44.9%.The incidence of silicosis in 4 591 natural gem processing workers and 2 980 artificial gem processing workers were 3.0%(137/4 591) and 3.7%(111/2 980) with the average age of onset of being(30.0±5.5)and 30.6±4.1)years old,respectively.The duration of dust exposure were(5.7±2.3)years and(6.8±2.5)years.Chest radiographic examination showed that mainly small round opacities were ’q’ and ’p’.10.2% of the natural gem silicosis workers were complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis,and the artificial gem silicosis ones were seldomly observed to be complicated with tuberculosis.Pulmonary ventilation capacities damage was observed in 49.4% of the natural gem silicosis workers and 7.2% of the artificial gem silicosis workers.56.9% of the natural gem silicosis workers and 3.6% artificial gem silicosis workers were totally lost their working capacity. Conclusion In comparison with the natural gem silicosis workers,the prognosis of the artificial gem silicosis workers is better.The impact of gem dust in gem process industry on the health of the workers is serious and effective measures in control of gem dust be urgently adopted for protecting the health of the workers.更多还原