【摘要】 为探索适于云南高原麦区的温光敏两系杂交小麦制种技术,以云杂3号(C49S-87/98YR5)、云杂5号(K78S/01Y1-1069)为材料,在1997~2005年大面积生产制种中,对与制种纯度和产量相关的主要技术措施进行了研究,制种实践及研究结果表明:父母本行比极显著地影响制种产量,云杂3号、云杂5号的最佳父母本行比分别为2∶8和2∶6;对于C49S-87,为确保制种纯度和制种产量,制种以利用前3个分蘖穗为宜;叶龄、叶枕距、幼穗长度等均可作为制种中预测父母本花期相遇的形态指标;不育系C49S-87和K78S的制种实践表明,不育系本身的育性参数和异交结实性对建立高效制种技术起决定性作用。2003年以来,已建立了一套基于K78S的简易、高效、低成本的温光敏两系杂交小麦制种技术,制种产量稳定在3 750 kg/hm2(不含该面积上的父本产量),制种纯度稳定达98%以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to set up the techniques of thermo-photo sensitive two-line hybrid wheat seed production in Yunnan plateau,study on key technical measures concerned with purity and yield of F₁ hybrids were conducted in the F₁ seed production from 1997 to 2005 with two hybrid varieties Yunza 3（C49S-87/98YR5） and Yunza 5（K78S/01Y1-1069）.Result showed that the row-ratio of male vs female had significant effect on seed yield,the optimum row-ratios of Yunza 3 and Yunza 5 were 2∶8 and 2∶6,respectively.When sterile line C49S-87 was used,the number of tiller spikes per plant should be controlled to less than 3 to guarantee the seed purity.And the leaf age,pulvinus distance and the length of young ear could be used as effective morphological indicators for predicting the flowering dates of male and female.In addition,practices from seed production with C49S-87 and K78S indicated that fertility parameters and outcrossing ability of sterile line play decisive role in determining the technicals and effectiveness of hybrid seed production.Since 2003,one set of simple,highly effective and low cost techniques for hybrid seed production based on thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile（TPSGMS） line K78S were established,with average hybrid seed yield of 3 750 kg/hm²（except male yield in the area） and of purity 98% in practical application of hundreds of hectares.更多还原