【摘要】 由于胶质及沥青质含量高、密度大、粘度高、油水界面膜牢固,高稠油脱水具有很大的技术困难。采用常规的化学沉降法、掺稀稀释法,破乳剂使用量大、分离时间长。采用常规的微波辐射法也难以达到理想的效果。采用添加无机盐的微波辐射法,脱水效果大大提高,特别是在少量乙酸钠的存在下,脱水率达到了99．43％。进一步研究了NaCl,NaI,CH3COONa,NaNO3,Na2CO3,Na2SO4六种钠盐以及NaCl,KCl,CaCl2,BaCl2,MgCl2,AlCl3六种氯盐对微波辐射高稠油脱水率的影响,简要分析了阴、阳离子作用下W／O型乳状液吸收微波的机理。在此基础上,进一步研究了采用添加海水稀释的微波辐射法脱水的效果,结果表明,对于水质量分数50％和20％的高稠油W／O乳状液,添加海水稀释后,脱水率最高分别达到了97．26％和92．03％。该方法无需任何添加剂,具有高效、节能、环保的优点。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is difficult to dehydrate high-viscosity crude oil because of its higher content of gum and as-phaltene and solid oil and water interface. The conventional separation processes like thermochemical settlement and mixing into diluent oil often require a large amount of emulsion breakers and long settling time. Whereas, the application of microwave radiation process with addition of inorganic salt can greatly improve de-mulsification efficiency. The tests indicated that, for the sample which contained 50% water, the removal rate of water was up to 99. 43% in the presence of acetate sodium. The impact of NaCl, NaI, CH3COONa, NaNO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4 and NaCl,KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2, MgCl2 and AlCl3on the dehyfdration rate of microwave radiation process was studied. The mechanism of W/O emulsion absorbing microwave energy under the effect of cations and anions was analyzed. Based on these studies, the process of microwave radiation with mixed seawater dilution was applied and good dehydration efficiency was obtained. The results showed that, with addition of seawater, the water removal rate was up to 97. 26% and 92. 03% for the emulsions with 50% and 20% water. This process, which requires no additives, is high in separation efficiency, low in energy consumption and friendly in environmental protection.更多还原