【摘要】 清代官员的升迁有一定之规。虽各官缺的补授皆出自于旨意,而皇帝要任用小臣却属特例。甲午战争后,光绪帝曾下诏求贤,胶州湾事件后又三次下诏求贤,然局面没有任何改观。戊戌变法期间,命督抚廷臣保举人才开始成为光绪帝择用小臣的特殊方法。“明定国是”诏颁布后,翰林院侍读学士徐致靖上疏保举康有为、张元济、黄遵宪、谭嗣同、梁启超等,各地督抚和京内大臣也先后出奏,保举人才,被保举者超过百人,光绪帝几乎全部下令召见,到政变发生前共召见26人。这种前所未有的现象,促动了变法的展开。透过甲午至戊戌年间的保举活动,也可观察到清朝政治的若干特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Officials were promoted according to strict rules in the Qing Dynasty. It was quite uncommon for the emperor to directly appoint a low-rank official, although an imperial decree was necessary in every appointment. Emperor Guangxu issued a decree after the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, and another three after the Jiaozhou Bay Incident (or Juye Incident) in 1897 to seek for competent officials, but these attempts were futile. It was during the 1898 Reform Movement that the Emperor regularly asked governors and court ministers to recommend competent officials. After the issue of the first decree of reform in the April of 1898, Xu Zhijing, a Reader of the Hanlin Academy, presented a memorandum to recommend Kang Youwei, Zhang Yuanji, Huang Zunxian, Tan Sitong, Liang Qichao and others. Governors of provinces and court officials recommended over a hundred candidates. Emperor Guangxu decided to see them all, and received 26 of them before the coup of that year. Such an unprecedented act greatly promoted the reform, and showed some characteristic features of Qing Dynasty politics.更多还原