【摘要】 明末以来乃至于整个17世纪,由于中央集权制与君主独裁制经历了一个由危机、衰败、灭亡,再重组、整合、强化的过程,这种政治上的“天崩地裂”,同时带给学术界一种新景象:怀疑、蔑视主流意识形态,对传统的价值系统表现出大胆的创新与叛逆。而这一时期这种创新与叛逆的最早、最典型代表便是李贽。李贽以他独有的学识、经历与性格,对孔子的是非观、理学的道德标准提出了质疑和批判。其影响力进入17世纪,以至于像顾炎武、王夫之类的顶级大师也视之为“洪水猛兽”,可见其对推进当时的创新叛逆思潮有不容忽视的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Throughout the seventeenth century,the system of political centralization and monarchy since late Ming Dynasty underwent a process from crisis,decline and downfall to reintegration and reinforcement.Following the drastic change in the realm of politics,a new trend in the academic circle comes to the stage,which is characteristic of doubting and despising the mainstream ideology as well as courageous innovation and rebellion towards traditional value system.This courageous spirit is best embodied by Li Zhi who first cast doubts and criticism on Confucius’s outlook and moral standards.His ideas are taken as brutal even by some seventeenth-century masters such as Gu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi,which on the other hand reflects Li Zhi’s influence on the innovative and rebellious trend current at that time.更多还原