【摘要】 [目的]探讨棉纺行业作业粉尘浓度在不同工种、季节和作业场所中的分布规律。[方法]选择3家棉纺厂作为采样现场,分别在各工种选取36、26和12人为采样对象,进行个体全工作班随身采样。冬、夏两季每季重复进行3次。以重量法测定粉尘总量并计算出粉尘浓度。对不同工种、季节和工厂之间进行比较。[结果]粉尘浓度大体上呈从前纺车间的工种(从清花或梳棉工种开始)到后纺车间的细纺或绕线工种逐渐降低,在大型厂不同工种间有统计学意义,而且大型厂和小型厂中前纺车间的各工种浓度全部或部分地显著高于后纺车间的工种。几乎所有的工种,都未见显著的季节差异。3个厂相同工种的粉尘浓度有极显著差异,中等规模厂的浓度最低。[结论]在棉纺厂的职业卫生实际工作中,应特别注重前纺车间的粉尘监测和粉尘治理,并加强前纺车间工人的粉尘防护。在可能的情况下,调整生产规模和车间布局,应该也是治理粉尘的一种措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] To investigate the distribution of dust concentration in textile plants by job,season,and work site. [Methods] The textile workshops of 3 plants were selected and 36,26,and 12 workers were chosen from the 3 plants respectively as the subjects to conduct the shift personal dust sampling. Field dust sampling was performed at the same time. The samplings were conducted 3 times repeatedly in winter and in summer. The dust was measured by gravimetric method and dust concentrations were calculated. The statistical analysis was made for the comparison on the dust concentrations by job titles,different seasons,and different plants. [Results] The sequences of descending dust concentration were shown by the job titles beginning from clearing up or carding in the thick-spinning workshops down to fine-spinning or winding in the fine- spinning workshops,and the differences in concentrations between various job titles were statistically significant in plant A(the largest-scale plant we chosen). Either in plant A or plant C(the smallest-scale plants chosen),the dust concentrations in thick- spinning were nearly all significantly higher than that in fine-spinning. Dust concentrations in all job titles were not show statistical significance with season. The average dust concentrations of similar job title in the 3 different plants showed significant difference, and the lowest concentration was in plant B(the middle-scale plant chosen). [Conclusion] Emphasis should be paid in dust monitoring,administrating and protection especially in the thick-spinning workshops. The adjustment of production scale and machine arrangement may be a measure of dust administration.更多还原