【摘要】 松嫩平原是中国内陆湿地集中分布区之一。该区湿地类型有沼泽、湖泊、盐沼和稻田,此外还有水库和少量泥炭地。概述了该区湿地的研究现状,并指出目前研究热点。重点探讨了未来本区湿地的研究趋势,主要体现在湿地生态系统结构、功能和过程研究,湿地的区域生态功能评价,湿地污染及其治理,退化湿地恢复和重建,湿地多样性与湿地保护,湿地资源综合利用,湿地对全球变化响应和全球变化对湿地影响,湿地-草地-盐碱地转换机制和过程和驱动力等方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Songnen Plain is the following area including the course of the second Songhuajiang River and Nenjiang River and their branches on the north of Song-Liao coteau,and on the west of mesa in the foot of eastern mountains in China.It is one of concentratively distributed area of inland wetlands.The wetlands in this region include marshes,lakes,salt sedges,paddyfields,reservoirs and little peatlands.They play important role in the sight,ecological construction and production of agriculture,pasture and fishery in the valley.So the wetlands in this area has been a prevalent research site.Much research work on all sort of wetlands have been developmenting in recent 10 years.Many academic and practical achievements have been finished.The research status of wetlands,such as function and benefit appraisal,substantial recycle and energy flow,resources utilization,protection and management,engineering and technology and formation and development of wetlands were summarized.The functions of wetlands in the Songnen Plain mainly embodies runoff adjust,flood deposit and reducing drought,pollution control,diversity keep and construction of landscape.The currency of expressing price is usually used for appraising the value and benefit of wetland ecosystem in this region.Phragmites australis is main plant in the wetland of the Songnen Plain,it is harvested for paper-making every year.Many precious and rare birds,such as Grus leucogeranus,Grus japonensis,Anthropoides virgo,Otis tarda dybowskii breed here.The types of wetlands are various.The landscape of wetlands are special.They are good spots for the tourists.The Xianghai,the Momoge,the Zhalong and the Chaganhu Nature Reserves have been famous travel sites now.Some wetlands face a austere degradation problem.The total area of wetlands gradually reduces,the function wears off.The water of wetland is polluted by waste water from industry,agriculture and life of local people to some extent.It is a complex system engineer for restoring the function of degraded wetlands.The goals of restoring are insuring enough amount of clean water,restoration of wetland vegetation and of wild animals habitat.The seasonally submerged wetlands occupy a large number of area here.The major ecological problems of these wetlands facing here are that some become sandy,salty lands or alkali soil.The management to these wetlands should be strengthen so as to prevent them to become sandy,salty or alkali lands.Meantime,the most interesting research fields nowadays are pointed out,they are protection,ecology of wetlands and use of wetland resources.There are only six national protective areas that Grus japonensis is main protective goal on the wetlands in China.Three of them are located in the Songnen Plain.So the protection of wetlands dioversity,especially of Grus japonensis and other precious birds is the emphases of wetlands protection.The research on Grus japonensis and other precious birds,including choice of habitat and technology,measure and policy of protection,are very interesting for the investigators.Marshlands,grasslands and salt-alkali lands transfer rapidly into each other in the Songnen Plain.So the study on the wetland ecology is also a popular theme.The wetland ecosystems have high primary production.How to use wisely the resources of water,tour,plants and animals is at all times important topic.The advanced technologies,such as RS,GIS and GPS have been appling on the study of wetland.Research trends in the future are forecasted as the following: structure,function and process of the wetland ecosystem;appraisal for regionally ecological function;pollutants of the wetland and their treatment;restoration and reconstruction of destroried wetlands;wetland diversity and protection;wise use of wetland resources;responces of wetlands to global change and effects on it;transferring mechanism,process and strength in wetland-grassland-salty land.The process study of wetlands includes the study on physical,chemical and biologic process.In other words,the process study still means that on the modern process and historical process.The estimate of regionally ecological function is more difficult than appraisal for wetland resources.To perfect the system of appraisal is worthy of study for the researchers.Some wetlands in the Songnen Plain have been polluted by crude oil from oilfield,fertilizers and pesticides.How to clear away the contamination is a problem.The degeneration of wetlands,including the area of wetlands reduce and the quality of wetlands decrease have happened because of natural and human factors.The study is valuable on the threshold of wetlands safety,on if the degenered wetlands can be restored and what methods and measure shoule be used to restore them.The study on the diversity of wetlands is always a emphases.Moreover,the good combination between the protection and development of resources of wetlands is worthy of study.The wetlands have the double function of environment and resources.It is a research aim that all resources are fully used in the threshold of environmental safety.This aim not only ensure the demands of mordern people,but also meet the needs of later generations.The questions that the wetlands in the Songnen Plains is the source or sink of carbon at some time and when it is source or sink deserve further research.The study on the mechanism,process and driving force between the transform of wetlands,grasslands and salt-alkali lands should be strengthened in the future.更多还原