【摘要】 目的为临床诊治项肌痉挛和血管神经卡压提供解剖学基础.方法对30具(60侧)成人头颈标本枕颈区肌肉的附着点、血管和神经的走行、分布等解剖关系进行观测.结果(1)头夹肌止点宽(45.80±6.80)mm,头夹肌止点内缘至正中矢状面(52.83±7.87)mm;头半棘肌止点宽(42.45±7.29)mm;头上斜肌止点宽(18.32±4.18)mm,该肌止点内缘距正中矢状面(29.4±6.53)mm.(2)枕大神经与枕动脉伴行穿出斜方肌点距正中矢状面(18.18±5.55)mm,距上项线(25.15±4.64)mm.结论针拨疗法或针刀疗法在上项线与下项线之间治疗头夹肌和头半棘肌,在下项线以下治疗痉挛或颈痛的头上斜肌和头后大直肌;枕大神经和枕动脉穿出斜方肌点是枕大神经易受“卡压”而需松解的部位.更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To provide anatomic basis for the diagnosis and treatment of the convulsion of the nuchal muscles and the compression of the blood vessels and nerves.Methods The adhesions of the muscles,the course and the distribution of the blood vessels,the distribution of the blood vessels and the nerves in the occipito-cervical area were observed and measured in 30 adult cadaveric heads with connected neck(60 sides).Results(1)The width of the insertion of the capitospelnic muscle was(45.80±6.80) mm;the distance between the medial margin of the insertion and the median sagittal plane was(52.83±7.87)mm;the width of the insertion of the capitosemispinal muscle was(42.45±7.29) mm;the width of the insertion of the superior oblique capital muscle was(18.32±4.18) mm;the distance between the insertion of the medial margin of the superior oblique capital muscle and the median sagittal plane was(29.04±6.53) mm.(2)The distance between the point that the greater occipital nerve with the capital artery passed through trapezius muscle and the median sagittal plane was(18.18±5.55) mm;the distance between the point and the superior nuchaL line was(25.15±4.64) mm.Conclusions The convulsion or the ache of the capitosplenic muscle and the capitosemispinal muscle between the superior nuchal line and the inferior nuchal line was treated by the needle stir and the acupetomy;the convulsion or the ache of the superior oblique capital muscle and the posterior capitis major rectus muscle below the inferior nuchal line was treated by the needle stir and the acupetomy;the point of the trapezius muscle with greater occipital nerve passed through and was compressed should be loosed.更多还原