【摘要】 叙述了世界以及中国光伏电池材料发展的形势。目前,世界光伏电池产业仍然以硅光电池为主,然而,自2004年以来,全球出现多晶硅短缺,中国的多晶硅也严重不足。这已成为光伏电池发展的瓶颈。因此,必须尽快完成下列紧迫任务:①国内已在建的多晶硅厂应早日建成、投产;②应改进多晶硅生产技术,降低硅生产的能耗、冶金硅消耗、氢耗和氯耗,每kg硅生产成本和环保指标都应该处于世界先进水平。从长远来看,流床技术将被一些工厂用来生产太阳能级多晶硅。薄膜太阳能电池(含非晶硅、微晶硅基及各种化合物半导体薄膜)具有相当大的潜力,但其产品性能还须改进,应努力使之形成规模生产。更多还原

【Abstract】 The actual conditions of the photovoltaic industry in the world as well as China were described. At the present time, the solar cells based on bulk crystalline silicon dominate the photovoltaic market. Silicon demand from photovoltaic application is increasing at unprecedented rates. However, since 2004 the global solar cell industry has been experiencing a severe polysilicon shortfall. The situation is even more serious in China and the polysilicon shortage has become the bottleneck of China’s photovoltaic industry. In order to get rid of the trouble confronting the photovoltaic industry, the following tasks should be done: ① to complete the construction of polycrystalline silicon plants being still in construction in China; ② to improve the technologies of polysilicon production in order to reduce the energy, metallurgical silicon, chlorine and hydrogen consumption. The polysilicon production cost should be reduced and gain an advance in the competition. The processes should be environment friendly. In a long run, it is expected that fluid bed process will be adopted by a number of manufacturers to supply the photovoltaic industry. There is a big potential in switching over to thin film technology including amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, and compound semiconductor films. However, the challenges of improving performance of the thin film products and scaling up production lie ahead.更多还原