【摘要】 目前,淹没式释放是赤眼蜂田间应用的主要方式,在这种释放方式下成虫羽化后在田间的存活时间是影响其防治效果的一个重要因素。本研究以松毛虫赤眼蜂雌成虫为材料,将赤眼蜂引入固定在桃树上的透气的塑料管中,研究了田间不同地面植被(紫花苜蓿和自然生杂草)和不同试验日期(5月31日、6月5日、7月17日、7月24日、8月24日和8月30日)温度、湿度、食物和叶片等因子对成虫存活时间的影响。结果表明:不同地面植被和不同试验日期松毛虫赤眼蜂成虫的存活时间差异显著,成虫的存活时间紫花苜蓿区明显长于自然生杂草区;5月31日和6月5日试验日期的成虫存活时间最长,7月17日和7月24日试验日期成虫的存活时间最短。成虫的存活时间与温度和湿度都呈显著负相关,但温度对成虫存活时间的影响更为显著。松毛虫赤眼蜂羽化后补充营养可以显著延长成虫的存活时间;食物充足的条件下,桃叶的存在使成虫的存活时间明显延长。结论认为,在田间环境下温度和食物是影响赤眼蜂成虫存活时间的主要因子。更多还原

【Abstract】 Egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma are widely used as inundative controls of Lepidopteran crop pests,and their adult longevity after emergence in the field is a significant factor for the success of Trichogramma inundation.Survival time of female Trichogramma dendrolimi,which were held in ventilated plastic tubes(5 cm in diameter and 10 cm long)attached to peach tree branches,were investigated directly under field conditions,and the influencing factors(food availability and climatic factors)were analyzed.The results showed that the median survival time of the parasitoid was significantly different in different cover crops(lucerne and natural weeds)and different trial dates(31 May,5 June,17 July,24 July,24 August and 30 August).The median survival time of female T.dendrolimi in the area covered by lucerne was significantly longer than that in the area covered by natural weeds.In all trial dates,the median survival time of the trials on 31 May and 5 June was the longest,and that on 17 July and 24 July was the shortest.The median survival time was inversely correlated with the mean temperature and relative humidity for all treatments,and it was influenced more greatly by the mean temperature.The median survival time of honey-fed parasitoids was significantly longer than that of the parasitoids not fed with honey.The presence of a peach leaf within the tube also increased survival time of honey-fed parasitoids but did not increase adult longevity of the parasitoids not fed with honey.It is so concluded that temperature and food availability are the main factors influencing longevity of female T.dendrolimi under field conditions.更多还原