【摘要】 以小麦秸秆为原料合成高吸水性树脂需首先对秸秆进行预处理,通过实验分析,比较了预处理方式如酸处理、碱浸泡、氨水浸泡、碱蒸煮及其联合处理对秸秆及高吸水性树脂的影响;用晶相显微镜、IR等表征了处理前后秸秆的微观形貌、化学结构及树脂的化学结构等;结果表明,比较理想的预处理方式是碱蒸煮处理〔w(NaOH)=14%的水溶液、150℃、0.6 MPa、30 m in〕结合浓度为1 mol/L的硝酸在100℃下处理30 m in,及w(NH3.H2O)=10%的氨水室温浸泡48 h结合浓度为1 mol/L的硝酸在100℃下处理45 m in;两种方式所得高吸水性树脂吸收纯水的质量倍率分别为405 g/g和293 g/g,吸收w(复混肥)=0.1%的水溶液的质量倍率分别为124 g/g和82g/g〔复混肥中w(N)=w(P)=w(K)=10%,N、P、K分别以尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾存在〕。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pretreatments of wheat straw are necessary before preparation of superabsorbent resins（SAR）.Both the effects on wheat straw and the superabsorbent resins were analyzed and compared after acid hydrolysis,dipping in sodium hydroxide solution or ammonia,alkali cooking and their united pretreatments.Besides,the morphology and chemical structure of wheat straw and the chemical structure of SAR were confirmed by metallurgical microscope and IR spectra before and after the pretreatments.The results showed that the appropriate pretreatments were alkali cooking（water solution of w（NaOH）=14%,150 ℃,0.6 MPa,30 min）followed by hydrolysis with 1 mol/L nitric acid at 100 ℃ for 30 min,or dipping in w（NH₃·H₂O）=10% ammonia for 48 h at room temperature followed by hydrolysis with 1 mol/L nitric acid at 100 ℃ for 45 min.SAR prepared with the wheat straw after the two pretreatments can absorb distilled water of 405 g and 294 g per 1 g respectively,and can absorb the water solution（w（compound fertilizer） = 0.1% in which w（N）=w（P）=w（K）=10%,N existing in urea,P existing in single superphosphate and K existing in KCl） of 124 g and 84 g per 1 g,respectively.更多还原