【摘要】 目的:积累小儿腘血管的解剖学体质资料,为临床小儿腘动脉穿刺提供形态学基础。方法:在15例30侧学龄前儿童下肢防腐标本上,观测腘动脉及其与腘静脉、胫神经的位置关系。应用HP8500GP型多普勒超声诊断仪观测幼儿园中班儿童60侧腘动脉及腘静脉等。结果:(1)腘窝上段腘动脉位于腘静脉和胫神经的内侧;超声诊断仪显示腘动、静脉呈内外侧、深浅关系,两者重叠1/2以上者占83%。在腘窝中、下段上述结构逐渐移位,至下段由浅而深依次为胫神经、腘静脉、腘动脉。(2)腘动脉暴露在腘窝中横线上2~3cm水平,邻近半腱肌、半膜肌的外侧。(3)腘动、静脉的内径分别为(3.60±0.34)mm、(3.39±0.31)mm,皮肤表面至腘动脉前壁的距离为(1.60±0.19)cm。结论:小儿腘动脉穿刺在腘窝上段较安全,在腘窝中、下段有可能伤及腘静脉和胫神经。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To accumulate the anatomical data about popliteal blood vessels in children,thereby provide morphologic bases for popliteal arteriopunctures.Methods:Thirty antiseptic lower limbs from 15 cadavers of preschool children were dissected.The position relations between popliteal arteries,vein and tibial nerve were observed and analyzed.Meanwhile,60 popliteal arteries and veins of health children in the middle class of kindergarten were examined by the HP8500GP Doppler ultrasound diagnostic apparatus.Results:In superior part of popliteal fossa,the popliteal artery was situated at the interior of popliteal vein and tibial nerve.The ultrasound findings demonstrated that the location-relationship between the popliteal artery and vein was from deep interior to superficial exterior.Both artery and vein overlapping over half of them account for 83%.The above location-relationship began to change in the middle and lower segments of the popliteal fossa.In the lower segment,the arranging sequence from superficial to deep was tibial nerve,popliteal vein and popliteal artery.The popliteal artery,which is adjacent to the exterior side of semitendinosus and semimembranosus,is exposed 2-3 centimeters above the horizontal line.The interior and exterior calibers of popliteal artery and popliteal vein are (3.60+0.34)mm and (3.39+ 0.31)mm respectively.The distance between the anterior wall of popliteal artery and body surface was (1.60+ 0.19) cm.Conclusion:The puncture to child’s popliteal artery at the upper segment of popliteal fossa is safe.It may injure popliteal artery or tibial nerve if the puncture is undertaken in the middle or lower segments of popliteal fossa.更多还原