【摘要】 利用原子簇模型Fe₄P简化了非晶态合金Fe₈₀P₂₀的局域结构,设计了四方锥、三角双锥、四面体及平面五边形等十几种构型,对其二、四重态分别进行密度泛函（DFT）优化计算,经过频率验证,获得五种稳定构型。从所得优化构型的键长和键级,可以发现原子簇Fe4P较好地反映了非晶态合金Fe₈₀P₂₀的局域结构。考察了各构型间的过渡转化情况,发现二重态构型的稳定性要好于四重态。分析各构型的能量、成键及电子转移情况,发现与P原子成键的Fe原子个数对这些性质影响较为明显。与P原子成键的Fe原子个数越多,体系的能量就越低,越容易存在；P原子的得电子能力随着与其成键Fe原子个数增多而减少,甚至会将失去自身电子转移到金属原子上。同时通过3d轨道布居数,讨论了原子簇的空穴数及磁学性质。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the structure features of Fe₈₀P₂₀, A series of clusters Fe₄P were designed and focused on studying the stability of local structure, charge distribution and chemical bond. Using the DFT method, energy and structure of Fe₄P clusters were optimized and analyzed. The computational results showed that the energy of cluster 1^（2） has the lowest energy, and the possibility of its existence in the Fe₈₀P₂₀ is high. Analyzing the transition states among the clusters, it was found that the clusters in the doublet state are more stable than those in the quartet state. The numbers of the Fe-P bond in the clusters play important roles in the cluster stability and electrons transfer properties. The more numbers of Fe-P bonds in the clusters, the higher the cluster stability, and the weaker the ability of P atom to get electron. The number of Fe atoms, which has bonding interactions with the P atom, is direct proportional to the average 3d orbit population of Fe atom. Basing on the orbital population, average magnetic moments of each Fe atom in the Fe₄P clusters were calculated, and they are all smaller than that of single metal Fe atom. This suggests that all Fe₄P clusters have soft magnetic property and they are expected to be perfect material for preparing soft magnetic apparatus.更多还原