【摘要】 目的调查不同人群在不同室内环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的暴露水平及其对健康的影响。方法2005年4—6月,对天津市市区200户家庭(非职业暴露组)、30名长期从事房屋装修和涂料涂刷的工人和20名与喷涂油漆作业密切相关的生产企业的工人进行问卷调查,并检测30个典型家庭的室内环境以及装修和涂料涂刷作业现场空气中VOCs。分别计算了不同人群对甲醛、苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、对(间)二甲苯和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)等的日暴露量和潜在剂量。结果装修≤2a的住宅室内空气中污染物浓度高于装修>2a的住宅,装修和涂料涂刷现场空气中污染物浓度高于普通工作学习场所。装修和涂料涂刷工人和涂装车间工人各种症状(感觉有异味、皮肤发痒、呼吸不畅、头昏、乏力、咽喉肿痛)的发生率高于普通家庭成年居民(P<0.05或P<0.01);而住宅装修时间≤2a的居民感觉有异味的发生率高于住宅装修时间>2a的居民(P<0.01)。装修时间>2a的居室居民中,未成年人、成年人和老年人甲醛的日暴露量平均值分别为2.61、2.69和2.77mg/(m3·h),苯的日暴露量平均值分别为1.05、1.14和0.71mg/(m3·h),甲苯的日暴露量平均值分别为1.23、1.31和1.11mg/(m3·h),乙苯的日暴露量平均值分别为0.75、0.81和0.88mg/(m·3h),邻二甲苯的日暴露量平均值分别为0.82、0.86和0.75mg/(m3·h),对(间)二甲苯的日暴露量平均值分别为1.26、1.34和1.24mg/(m·3h),TVOC日暴露量平均值分别为13.53、14.38和11.94mg/(m3·h);均低于装修和涂料涂刷工人的VOCs暴露量。结论新装修的家庭住宅中VOCs污染较为普遍;在普通的非职业暴露人群中,成年人的VOCs暴露量大于儿童和老人;而特殊职业人群的VOCs暴露量远大于普通的非职业暴露人群。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the exposure level of VOCs in different population and the health effects. Methods In 2005, a questionnaire survey relating to inhalation exposure assessment of VOCs and housing decoration characteristics was carried out in 200 newly decorated apartments (628 residents), 30 house decoration workers and 20 painting workers of an automobile manufacture factory. Indoor concentrations of formaldehyde, BTEX-compounds and TVOC were measured in typical apartments, offices, houses in where the decoration workers were operating, the painting workshops, and public indoor environments. Average daily exposure doses and potential doses for common people at home (non-occupational exposure group) and workers in occupational environments (occupational exposure group) to formaldehyde and BTEX-compounds and TVOC were estimated by combining the survey results with monitoring data. Results The percentages of whom having different discomfortable symptoms in the workers in the painting workshop were higher than that in common people (P<0.05). More of the people living in the houses newly decorated for two years felt the unpleasant smell compared with the people whose houses had been decorated for more than two years (P<0.05). The average daily exposure doses of adolescents, adults and the old people were 2.61, 2.69 and 2.77 mg/(m3·h) for formaldehyde, 1.05, 1.14 and 0.71 mg/(m3·h) for benzene, 1.23, 1.31 and 1.11 mg/(m3·h) for toluene, 0.75, 0.81 and 0.88 mg/(m3·h) for ethylbenzene, 0.82, 0.86 and 0.75 mg/(m3·h) for o-xylene, 1.26,1.34 and 1.24 mg/(m3·h) for p-xylene(m-xylene), and 13.53, 14.38 and 11.94 mg/(m3·h) for TVOC. Conclusion The pollution of VOCs in newly decorated houses is quite common, to which we should pay more attention. For non-occupational exposure group, the exposure levels of VOCs of adults are higher compared with adolescent and the old people. The occupational exposure dose of VOCs is much higher than that of non-occupational exposure.更多还原