【摘要】 根据络合萃取的原理,考虑了萃取剂与稀释剂之间的作用,选择磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,以正辛醇和氯仿为极性稀释剂、四氯化碳和煤油为非极性稀释剂,对邻氨基苯酚(OAP)稀溶液进行了探讨,讨论了体系的pH、TBP的浓度、稀释剂种类对萃取分配比(D)的影响。结果表明,TBP主要通过与OAP的中性分子键合作用实现萃取;D值的变化与中性分子的摩尔分数有关,pH是影响D的主要因素;稀释剂的极性对OAP的萃取影响较大,在萃取剂体积分数为10%~30%时,其萃取能力为TBP-正辛醇>TBP-煤油>TBP-四氯化碳>TBP-氯仿;在萃取剂体积分数为30%~50%时,萃取能力为TBP-煤油>TBP-正辛醇>TBP-四氯化碳>TBP-氯仿。进而以30%TBP-煤油为萃取剂,对工业含OAP废水进行了错流萃取实验。实验表明,该方法可以对工业OAP废水进行有效的(94.7%)预处理;工业废水中的甲醇、乙醇,对萃取有较大影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Experimental runs of reactive extraction,with TBP-solvent mixtures employed as the extraction agent,were performed to remove o-aminophenol（OAP） from solutions and an industrial wastewater.Neutral OAP molecules were hydrogen bonded to TBP of the TBP-solvent extraction agent and removed with the organic phase.The extraction was most effective at a pH of 6～8,in the middle of pK_a1（4.74） and pK_a2（9.96）,where neutral OAP was predominant.The extraction effectiveness was also dependent on the solvent type and TBP concentration.When TBP accounted for 10%³0% by volume of the extraction agent,the order of declining extraction effectiveness was TBP-1-octanol,TBP-kerosene,TBP-CCl₄,and TBP-CHCl₃;however,at a higher TBP concentration（30%～50%）,the order was TBP-kerosene,TBP-1-octanol,TBP-CCl₄,and TBP-CHCl₃.Therefore,TBP（30%）-kerosene was employed for removing OAP from a wastewater（OAP = 13 245 mg/L） by cross flow extraction.Although the wastewater sample also contained high concentrations of methanol and ethanol,which were found to reduce the extraction effectiveness of TBP-kerosene,a very high OAP removal rate of 94.7% was achieved.The excellent result has demonstrated that the reactive extraction with TBP-kerosene is a viable pretreatment step for an industrial wastewater containing a high concentration of OAP.更多还原