【摘要】 应用大气采样罐采样技术和色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,对广州市环境空气、交通道路、城市隧道和汽车尾气中55种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的组分及其质量浓度水平进行测试,并研究了广州市机动车VOCs排放特征.结果表明:①城区环境空气质量本底观测点白云山摩星岭的大气样品中ρ(VOCs)数量级为10-1~101μg/m3,其中烷烃类、烯烃类、乙炔和单环芳香烃类平均质量浓度分别为13.97,15.15,6.16和43.27μg/m3.市区主要交通干道(东风中路、环市中路和新港西路)旁空气样品的ρ(VOCs)数量级为101~102μg/m3,其中烷烃类、烯烃类、乙炔和单环芳香烃类最高质量浓度相应比环境本底质量浓度高约20~30倍.②在怠速条件下检测了摩托车、出租车、大客车、轻型卡车、小轿车和公交车等6种新车和在用车型VOCs的排放,其组成和质量浓度因机动车类型、功率和燃料不同而不同,一般功率越大VOCs排放越严重,ρ(VOCs)数量级大致为10-1~103mg/m3,为交通干道空气ρ(VOCs)的1 000倍以上.其中LPG车具有最高的烷烃类、烯烃类和乙炔排放量,测试样品的ρ(VOCs)分别为815.79~2 001.66,696.84~1 799.10和53.87~416.13 mg/m3.而柴油车排放的VOCs远远低于其他燃料车型.③通过对广州珠江隧道连续48 h的监测,研究了隧道内交通特征、微气象特征和VOCs组成及其质量浓度水平,能够计算出广州机动车55种VOCs化合物的平均排放因子.更多还原

【Abstract】 Utilizing canisters for sampling and GC-MS for analyzing,the authors measured fifty kinds of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） in ambient air,main roadside,city tunnel and motor vehicle exhaust,analyzed Guangzhou motor vehicle’s emission character in detail.The result showed: ① The lowest daily VOCs average concentration was observed in the range of 10^-1～（10¹ μg/m³） in background site in Baiyun Mountain in Guangzhou,among which the alkanes,alkenes,acetylenes and benzenes were（13.97,）（15.15,）（6.16） and（43.27）（μg/m³） separately.VOCs average concentration at main urban roadsides such as Dongfeng Road,Huanshi Road and Xingang Road arrived in the range of 10¹～（10² μg/m³）,among which the alkanes,alkenes,acetylenes and benzenes were as 20～30 time as Baiyun Mountain.② On the idle running condition,motor vehicles exhausts including motorcycles,taxies,light duty trucks,heavy duty trucks,passenger cars and buses were measured.The VOCs concentration of exhaust samples was in range of 10^-1～10³（mg/m³,） which changed with motor vehicle’s type and power and fuel type.The LPG motor vehicles had the highest emission of alkanes,alkenes and acetylenes with range of（815.79～）（2 001.66）,（696.84～）（1 799.10） and（53.87～）（416.13）（mg/m³） respectively.The diesel cars had lowest VOCs exhaust.③By Guangzhou Pearl River Tunnel test with 48 h sampling for VOCs,traffic character and tunnel wind,the emission factors of 55 VOCs of motor vehicle for were calculated.更多还原