【摘要】 炭气凝胶是一种新型的多孔炭材料,具有可调控的独特的孔结构和良好的导电性,可应用于超级电容器、高效吸附材料、催化剂载体等。本文研究了酚醛基炭气凝胶纳米结构的形成过程和控制方法。炭气凝胶的孔结构主要取决于其前驱体—有机气凝胶。有机气凝胶结构源于溶胶-凝胶聚合中的微相分离过程,相分离经历了从成核—生长—亚稳分解的过渡,在成核—生长区停留时间的长短决定了气凝胶的骨架结构和孔结构。微相分离过程受到酚醛团簇的化学结构和溶剂环境的影响,通过调控酚醛团簇的化学结构和溶胶-凝胶聚合的溶剂环境,可以实现有机气凝胶的纳米结构调控,结合干燥和炭化控制,可以实现炭气凝胶结构的有效调控。更多还原

【Abstract】 Carbon aerogels are novel porous carbon materials with continuously adjustable porosity and open meso-pores.Carbon aerogels can be used in supercapacitor,effective adsorbents,catalyst support et al.The nanostructure of carbon aerogels are mainly determined by the precursors of organic aerogels.The structure of organic aerogels was originated from a micro-phase separation during sol-gel polymerization.This phase separation undergoes a transition from nucleation-and-growth to spinodal decomposition.The structure of aerogels was closely related with of time of system persisted in the nucleation-and-growth region.Combining with control of drying process and carbonization the structure of carbon aerogels can be predicted and adjusted by adjusting the reactants formula and solvent circumstance.更多还原