【摘要】 船体分段在焊接过程中产生的变形会给后续的焊接和装配带来很大困难,甚至使结构强度降低,精确预测和控制焊接变形是个难题.采用的固有应变等效载荷法是结合固有应变理论和实验结果,先计算焊接区域的固有应变,再将其转化为等效载荷,进而应用弹性有限元分析求得焊接变形.通过对简化的杆—弹簧模型的分析,可知固有应变受焊接区域的约束强度及焊接热输入的影响.该方法是计算大型复杂结构焊接变形的工程实用方法,可用于研究焊接变形的CAD系统及造船厂的仿真.更多还原

【Abstract】 Deformations of a welded ship structure mar its appearance,cause assembly errors,and reduce structure strength.Welding deformations of structures are complicated to study,and the accurate prediction of welding deformations has been difficult.To address this,an equivalent load method based on inherent strain is presented.The distribution of the inherent strain in the welded region and equivalent loads induced by the inherent strain were calculated.The final deformations were calculated by finite element analysis.A simplified elastic plastic analysis model,also called a bar-spring model,was then used in the method.The inherent strain theory and experimental results on two stiffened plates show that the inherent strains are influenced by the properties of restraints and heat input heat;thus,the highest temperature and the degree of restraint change the distribution of the inherent strains in the welded region.The method can be used in accuracy management and simulation of deformations and CAD systems used in a shipyard.更多还原