【摘要】 利用常规探空和地面实测资料以及GMS-5红外卫星云图资料,对发生在2001年7月26~27日山西省晋中市的一次区域性暴雨进行了天气学诊断和准地转Q矢量、湿Q矢量诊断及对比分析,结果表明:(1)此次暴雨发生在稳定的大尺度环流背景下,低涡切变线是其主要影响系统;东移发展的地面强冷锋是造成此次暴雨的天气尺度系统;而冷锋云系中新生、发展的中-β尺度暴雨云团是造成这次暴雨的直接系统。能量场在地面表现为Ω型。(2)Q矢量锋生函数表现出典型的准地转特征,而湿Q矢量锋生函数则具有明显的中尺度特征,且与降水量有滞后6 h的正相关关系,其强中心的出现是未来6 h强降水预报的重要指标。(3)对湿Q矢量的分解表明,Qx*和Qy*在强度、层次以及出现的时间上存在明显差异,这可能是由于对于暴雨这种伴有强烈垂直上升运动的天气现象来说,其经向上热量和动量的交换较纬向上的要大得多;暴雨出现在Qy*正、负值的交汇处。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on GMS-5 infrared satellite image,routine sonde and surface observation （data,） selecting the regional rainstorm in Jinzhong city on 26²7 July 2001 as a case,through the synoptic analysis and numerical diagnosis of quasi-geostropic Q-and wet Q-vectors,The results showed that:（1） This event is occurred under the background of the steady large-scale circulation.The low vortex and the shear line are its mainly influencing systems,and it is directly caused by a new and developing meso-β scale rainstorm cloud cluster.The energy field is Ω pattern on the surface.（2） There was quasi-geostropic characteristic in the distribution of frontogenesis function of Q-vector,while the frontogenesis function of wet Q-vector has mesoscale characteristic.And it and pricipitation have positive correlations with delay 6 h.So it is a good indicator for forecasting the event.（3） There was apparent difference between Q^*_x and Q^*_y in the aspect of intensity,level,and appearing time.And the rainstorm occurred the interface between positive and negative values of Q^*_y.更多还原