【摘要】 以辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(TX-10)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,以正戊醇、正己醇和正庚醇为助表面活性剂,以正戊烷为油相,制备了油包水型(W/O)微乳液。用相图法分析了微乳液体系的热力学稳定性,计算了水核半径的大小,并考察了影响微乳液W/O区域范围的各种因素。结果表明:这几种微乳液体系在实验条件下能自发形成;微乳液的水核半径处于纳米量级,可作为制备纳米粒子的超微反应器;以TX-10为表面活性剂时,水核可以包容更多的水分子,微乳液的W/O区域较大;而以CTAB为表面活性剂时,由于其极性头之间的空间和静电排斥作用强,微乳液的W/O区域最小;以硝酸镧溶液作为分散相时,微乳液的W/O区域变化较小;随着温度的升高,微乳液的W/O区域显著减小。更多还原

【Abstract】 W/O microemulsion was prepared by using different surfactants separately with certain cosurfactant (pentanol, hexanol or heptanol) respectively. The thermodynamic stability of the microemulsion was inspected by phase diagram method, the radius of the microemulsion droplets were calculated and the W/O zone of the emulsions was confirmed. The results show that the microemulsion could be formed spontaneously in the experimental conditions, the radius of the water droplets are in the range of 2 nm to 4 nm and it is suitable to be used as the nanoreactors to prepare nanoparticles. When TX-10 is used as surfactant, the biggest W/O zone is formed and while the surfactant CTAB is used, the smallest W/O zone is formed due to the strong repulsive actions between its polar parts. When lanthanum nitrate solution is used instead of water as dispersed phase, the W/O zone of the emulsion is almost unchanged and when the temperature is increased, the W/O zone of the microemulsions becomes smaller.更多还原