【摘要】 随着分子生物技术研究的快速发展,油菜的遗传转化研究日趋成熟。2003年,转基因油菜在全球种植面积为352万公顷。油菜基因工程研究的重点主要放在转化的目的基因、筛选标记、再生体系的建立和遗传转化方法方面。目前油菜已建立了子叶、下胚轴、茎段、原生质体培养、小孢子培养的再生体系;用于油菜基因转化的方法有根癌农杆菌介导法、基因枪法、PEG法、激光微束穿刺法、显微注射法和花粉介导法等。在油菜转基因中所转化的目的基因趋于多样化,如:品质改良、抗病、抗逆、不育基因等;较常用的筛选标记基因是新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(NPTII);本文主要从油菜转基因的再生体系建立、筛选标记及转化方法方面进行综述,并对油菜转基因上存在的问题及前景进行了探讨和展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid advance of studies on molecular biology and biotechnology, genetic transform research of rapeseed is more and more mature. In 2003, transgenetic rapeseed was planted 352 million hectare allover the world. The emphases of studies on rapeseed transformation are mainly aim gene for transformation, selection marker, regeneration systems and transformation methods. Up to now, regeneration systems of rapeseed have been established with various tissues such as cotyledons, hypocotyls,stems, protoplasts and microspores. A number of transformation methods have been reported successfully to be used in rapeseed, including Agrobacterium-medidation genetic, particle gun, PEG uptake, via laser microbeam puncture, microinjection and pollen-mediated transformation, etc. In the rapeseed transformation, aim genes for transformation are diversiform, as follows, quality reformation, resistant to disease, pests and adverse. Selection marker used often is NPTII. This paper mainly summarizes the foundation of rapeseed regeneration systems, selection marker and transformation methods. And we reviewed the present status of rapeseed genetic transformation and discussed the problems and envision for further study.更多还原