【摘要】 分析了铅在焊料中的作用和对环境的污染行为,以及焊料无铅化所带来的技术、经济和社会问题。基于含铅焊料的污染源于铅的化学活性,提出了使含铅焊料绿色化的研究途径。即:通过采用液态金属结构的优化设计和掺杂的方法,可以改变液态焊料表面铅原子的结合形态,能降低铅的化学活性,提高挥发相变的活化能,从而抑制铅对大气的污染;通过控制焊料从液态转变为固态的行为,可以使表面形成n个原子层的改性膜,能降低铅的溶解活性,从而达到抑制或避免铅对水源污染的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The function of lead in solders and the pollution action of lead to environment were reviewed. Technological,economic and social problems which result from Pb-free solders were analyzed. Then, methods to make the solder containing lead innoxiousness were put forward, basing on that the pollution comes from the activity of lead in solders containing Pb. The methods are to change the configuration of lead atoms combining with others on the surface of liquid solders and to reduce the chemical activity of lead, to increase the activation energy of volatilization, by optimizing designing liquid metal-structure and adulterating elements, which can control the pollution of lead to atmosphere. In order to restrain or avoid the pollution of lead to water resources, a modification film containing n atomic layers in the surface of liquid solders will be produced by controlling the behavior of solders during the process of liquid solders concreting, which can reduce the dissolvability of lead remarkably in acidic water.更多还原