【摘要】 利用大气能量循环框图,对比分析中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学与地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG/IAP)全球海陆气耦合系统模式(GOALS)两个版本(GOALS-2和GOALS-4),以及观测的全球平均大气能量循环的主要特征,并从能量循环贮蓄和转换项的纬向平均贡献去解释全球积分值改善和转坏的原因,以及诊断分析参数化方案变化后产生的影响。结果表明:模式的两个版本基本上能正确地模拟出全球能量循环的主要特征。旧版本GOALS-2能较好模拟全球积分值,常常是不同符号局地误差的相互抵消结果。新版本GOALS-4中某种局地过程的改善在一些情况下导致了全球积分值的转坏。引入辐射日变化参数化方案可能对能量循环各参数的局地贡献有着明显的影响。如纬向平均有效位能向瞬变涡动有效位能的斜压转换率、瞬变涡动有效位能向瞬变涡动动能的斜压转换率以及定常涡动动能的局地贡献有明显改善。南极地区不合实际的上升运动,是模拟的纬向平均有效位能与纬向平均动能之间的转换项全球积分值为负数的主要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The atmospheric energy cycle diagnosis is a suitable way towards understanding and improvement of climate models.The global mean values of energy cycle from two versions of the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics（LASG）,Institute of Atmospheric Physics（IAP） Global OceanAtmosphereLand System （GOALS） Model（GOALS-2 and GOALS-4） are firstly diagnosed and compared with observational estimates,then the zonal mean contributions to energy cycle reservoirs and conversions are investigated to explain the ameliorations and deteriorations of global integral values,and to diagnose the effects of changes in parameterization schemes.The results show that the two versions of GOALS model are capable of reproducing the main features of global energy cycle with reasonable accuracy.Specifically,zonal available potential energy(A_Z) is converted into available potential energy of stationary eddy(A_SE) and transient eddy(A_TE),eddy available potential energy is converted into eddy kinetic energy,and the energy conversion induced by transient eddy appears to be larger.Reservoirs of stationary and transient eddy available potential energy(A_SE and A_TE) have about the same energy content.The nonlinear conversion between the two eddy reservoirs of available potential energy is directed from the stationary to the transient reservoir.The reservoir of zonal kinetic energy (K_Z) is about as 11.5 times large as the sum of the reservoirs of stationary eddy and transient eddy kinetic energy(K_SE and K_TE).The reservoir of transient eddy kinetic energy(K_TE) is between two（January） and three times（July） larger than that of stationary eddy kinetic energy(K_SE).Barotropic conversions(C_KS and C_KT) are directed from eddy kinetic energy to zonal kinetic energy.Apart from this basic accordance of observational and model results,it is indicated that the GOALS models also exhibit some significant deviations.Two conversions even show an orientation opposite to their observational counterpart,the zonal conversion C_Z between the zonal reservoirs of available potential energy and kinetic energy and the nonlinear conversion(C_KTE-KSE) between K_SE and K_TE.The analysis of zonal mean cross sections of energy cycle reservoirs and conversions shows that the better simulation of global integral values in the older GOALS-2 version is mostly due to the cancellation of errors of different sign,while the improvements of the representation of certain local processes in the new GOALS-4 version in some cases lead to a deterioration of global integral values.The inclusion of the diurnal cycle of solar radiation may show a significant effect on the local contributions of energy cycle parameters.For example,the local contributions of baroclinic conversion C_AT(conversion from zonal available potential energy A_Z to transient eddy available potential energy A_TE),baroclinic conversion C_ET(conversion from transient eddy available potential energy A_TE to transient eddy kinetic energy K_TE),and stationary eddy kinetic energy K_SE are obviously improved.The simulation of unrealistic rising motion in the Antarctic region contributes significantly to the negative global integral values of conversion C_Z from zonal available potential energy to zonal kinetic energy in the models.Because the overestimation of dissipation of transient eddy kinetic energy K_TE results in a weaker transient eddy kinetic energy in the models,and the maximum of simulated stationary eddy kinetic energy K_SE is also underestimated,the nonlinear barotropic conversion C_KTE-KSE from K_TE to K_SE is thus not well represented in the models,which highlights the need for further improvement in the future.更多还原