【摘要】 局地土地利用变化表现为时序短、空间倾向性强且多为人类强制干扰,其变化过程与结果是区域尺度响应与反馈国家尺度、全球尺度最有效的途径。城市化、农业结构调整和土地整理是目前我国局地土地利用变化的几种主要利用方式。城市化是一个不可逆过程,农村景观转为城市景观,改变了诸如地表反照率、粗糙度等下垫面特征,局地生境与物种的数量与种类发生改变,逐步形成以人类为主的均质化景观格局;农户微观土地利用选择行为是局地农业产业结构调整的原动力,不同类型农户在投资、生产与经营等经济活动的差异将导致局地土壤结构、水分、养分等土壤条件及环境改变;土地整理是一个复杂的系统工程,在一定程度上改变了局地土壤性状与土壤生物,更甚的是改变了局地斑块-廊道-基质模式的景观格局。因此,为进一步加深局地土地利用变化情景的理解,厘定“人-地协调系统”的理论框架,进行局地土地利用变化的情景模拟和生态环境效应研究将是未来局地土地利用变化的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land-use change represents an implication of short-scheduling, better spatial orientation and anthropogenic compelling disturbance at the local level. Its processes and results are the most efficient approach for regional-level responses and national-and global-level feedbacks. Urbanization, agrarian structure transformation and land arrangement are presently the driving forces resulting in land-use change at the local level in China. Urbanization is an irreversible process. This process will result in the transformation from county’s landscape to city’s landscapes, accelerate the change of the characters of underlying surfaces such as surface albedoes and surface roughness, and in crease varieties of the habitat types and species diversities. Consequently, a new patterns of human homogenized landscape will be formed at the local level. Farmer’s microcosmic choices of land-use styles are a kind of motility, which results in agrarian structure transformation. The differences in farmer’s investment, production and management will lead to the changes of soil quality and environment. Land arrangement is a complex systematic engineering. Its implementation will change the local landscape structure, soil quality and hydrological process. Moreover, these results will influence correspondingly local ecologic environment. Thus, in order to profoundly understand local land use change, conceiving the theoretic frames of "human-land harmonious system", simulating land use change and evaluating ecologic benefit of land-use change will be the orientation of future research in land-use change at the local level.更多还原