【摘要】 综述了由蛋白质天然材料制备溶胀水凝胶的研究进展及应用情况。某些特殊结构的蛋白质本身具有较高的遇水溶胀和对环境响应的功能;而某些经化学改性的蛋白吸水凝胶可赋予蛋白材料更高的吸水溶胀性。化学改性的方法主要有简单交联、接枝共聚、功能基转换和多元酸酐酰化等几种,其中多元酸酐改性蛋白在确保材料可生物降解的同时,还具有较高的吸收性。蛋白质分子中的氢键、静电力、疏水作用及化学键合对凝胶的三维网络结构和溶胀性能都有极大的影响;目前,通过化学改性蛋白质制备高吸水凝胶的研究才刚起步,在改性工艺和改性点位等方面仍有很大的研究空间。该产品在减少环境污染和对石油资源的依赖性方面有很好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 The present text discloses the researching evolution and application of superabsorbent hydrogels made from protein materials. Some proteins with special structure are provided with high water-swelling property and sensitive function to surrounding condition, and the chemical-modified protein-based hydrogels are provided with higher swellable property. The methods of preparing chemical-modified protein-based superabsorbent hydrogels are mainly simple crosslinking, grafting-copolymerization, functional group conversion and carboxyl-modification with polycarboxylic acid anhydrides. The carboxyl-modified protein hydrogels are provided with good biodegradable and swellable properties both. The effects of hydrogen bond, electrostatic force, hydrophobic function and chemical crosslink on the three-dimensional structure and swellable properties of protein-based hydrogels are very great. At present, it is just at the beginning of researching preparing chemical-modified protein-base superabsorbent hydrogels and it′s still very valuable for studying modified process and suitable modified position on protein. It is expectable that those products could decrease the environmental pollution produced from use of unbiodegradable materials and less depend on petroleum resource.更多还原