【摘要】 冰雪反照率在地气能量平衡中起重要作用,其大小取决于两个方面,即冰雪面的反射属性以及大气或天空的状况.因此,影响冰雪反照率的因素除其自身的物理属性如积雪粒径、密度、含水量、杂质和污化程度等外,云对冰雪反照率也产生影响,从而使冰雪的反照率呈现出日变化、季节变化和空间变化规律.最后,评述了利用数值模式及卫星遥感反演方法对冰雪反照率的相关研究进展.更多还原

【Abstract】 The snow and ice albedo plays a key role in the energy balance between the earth and atmosphere.Its variation depends up two aspects,i.e.the reflecting properties of snow/ice and the sky conditions.So,many factors affect the snow and ice albedo,such as physical properties of snow and ice,including grain size,density,water content,impurity and so on.Again,cloud affects the albedo,because it changes the incoming solar radiation and its spectral distribution.In view of the changes in reflecting properties of snow/ice and the sky conditions,the albedo of snow and ice exhibits its diurnal,seasonal and spatial variations.The progress of numerical model and satellite remote sensing in snow/ice albedo are also reviewed in this article,especially focused on the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function(BRDF) and the imperfection of albedo inversion in remote sensing.更多还原