【摘要】 在地震、爆炸、冲击等动力荷载作用下,材料的力学特性与准静态荷载作用下有本质的区别。在建筑结构抗震、抗爆设计规范中,常采用增大材料屈服强度(或极限强度)的方法来考虑材料的应变率效应,但是,该方法分析结果与实际情况有较大差别,所以,在对结构进行抗震、抗爆和抗冲击分析时,必须采用考虑应变率效应的本构模型。本文综述了国内外关于应变率(时间)效应有关的固体材料动态本构模型,对每种模型进行了简要分析,指出了其使用范围和优缺点,并根据现有的钢与混凝土材料的动力试验结果,提出了建立固体材料动态本构模型时应考虑的主要问题,对建筑结构的抗震、抗爆和抗冲击分析研究具有指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The solid material’s mechanic characteristic on the load of earthquake,blast and impact is different from the mechanic (characteristic) on the static load,we can increase the material’s yield strength when we design the structures which resist the load of earthquake or blast according to the design code,but the computational result is not consistent with the reality,so we must use the material’s dynamic constitutive model which take the strain-rate into account.In this paper,the writer summarize all the dynamic(constitutive) models which are related to the time or strain-rate,analysis every dynamic constitutive model carefully,give out the rule to select constitutive model in the action,point out the fault and merit of every model,and bring forward the advice which is helpful in setting up the dynamic constitutive model,which is a guidance to help the researcher to study the structural character on the load of(earthquake,) blast and impact.更多还原