【摘要】 目的　为了解上海市智力低下的现状 ,探索危险因素 ,减少发生率 ,上海市儿童保健所于 1997年 5月首次进行 7岁以下儿童该病流行病学调查。方法　采用综合按比例整群抽样方法 ,在上海市所有的 2 0个区县抽取 6岁以下儿童数的 1 2 %为调查对象。诊断为智力低下儿童按 1:2进行配对病例 -对照研究 ,并用Logistic进行回归分析。结果　智力低下患病率 6 87‰ ,3岁组以下患病率明显低于 3岁组以上。市区、郊区患病率有显著性差异。智力低下的儿童神经精神发育明显落后于正常儿童 ,多因素分析最主要的危险因素是出生体重、新生儿期患病住院、新生儿吸氧抢救、新生儿期疾病、父母文化和父母患病。结论　轻度MR占 5 1 14 % ,与 1987年的 70 6 %相比 ,下降了 19 4 6 %。说明轻度智力低下经过干预可以接近正常。在危险因素的研究中发现 ,父母遗传素质起着主要的作用。对一些说话晚、走路晚的孩子要作为高危人群定期检查发现异常及早干预。加大优生优育宣教力度 ,增加妇幼保健的投入 ,减少智力低下的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To grasp the present condition of mentally retarded children in shanghai and discoves the risk factor then reduct the morbidity and improve the quality of population. Methods: 1 2%of children aged under 6 in shanghai were randomly selected by equal proprtion and divided into group.Children who were diagnosed mentally retardation were matched as 1∶2 and analysed as longitudinal study with a logistic curve. Results: The morbidity of mentally retardation is 6 87‰.The morbidity of boys were obviously higher than that of girls and in children above 3 years of age is obvioualy higher than that under 3 years.Dowtown and suburb has significant difference.Mild incidence is a bit higher than moderate to severe ones.The mental growth of mentally retarded children is obviously lay behind normal ones. Using muctiple factor analysis we find that there are 6 main risk factors: birthweight,be given invatient care after birth, birth asphyxia, neonatal disease,education level of parents, and parental disease. Conclusions: Genetical quality of parents is important.Children who talk and walk late should be followed up as high risk population. We should improve cure quality,do the cohort and suveillance during prepregnant,pregnant and neonatal time.更多还原