【摘要】 目的 :我国每年至少有 2 0 0万人自杀未遂 ,但对其特征缺乏了解 ,因此难以建立并实施任何有效的干预及预防措施。为此 ,本研究着重了解主要服务于农村地区的综合医院自杀未遂病人的特征。方法 :由经过严格培训的调查员用自制调查表对 4所市县级综合医院留院观察的 3 2 6例自杀未遂病人及其家属进行调查 ,并由精神科主治医师做出精神科诊断 (以DSM -IV为诊断标准 ) ;每个案例需 2～ 3小时。结果 :被调查的自杀未遂者的特征如下 :平均年龄 3 2岁 (标准差 =13 ) ,76%为女性 ,75 %已婚 ,78%住在乡村 ,家庭经济状况与当地人经济状况相近 ;65 %自杀前发生夫妻吵架或不和 ;83 %服农药 ;77%的服毒者服用家里存放的物品 ;5 4%属于冲动性自杀 (自杀前考虑自杀的时间≤ 2小时 ) ;自杀当时 40 %患精神障碍 (以心境障碍为主 ) ,其中仅 3 0 %寻求过帮助、 16%看过精神科。结论 :与西方发达国家相比 ,国内农村地区自杀未遂者精神障碍的患病率显著低 ,自杀方式以服农药为主。因此 ,我国的自杀预防及干预措施不能从国外照搬 ,为了解决我国这一巨大的公共卫生问题 ,需要尽快开展高质量的全国性项目以评价不同干预措施的效果更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: there are at least two million attempted suicide each year in China, most of them were treated in general hospitals We did investigation of characteristics of serious suicide attempts in general hospitals Method:extensively trained researchers administered a 2-3 hours interview that included a structured psychiatric examination based on DSM-IV criteria to 326 individuals with serious suicide attempts who were treated separately at four city and county level general hospitals Result:the characteristics of suicide attempters were as follows: their mean age was 32 (SD=13) years old; 76% were female; 75% were married; 78% lived in rural areas The income level of the family was not significantly different from the mean level for the community 65% had marital conflict prior to the attempt; 83% used agricultural poisons in the attempt; 77% of those used poisons in the attempt used poisons stored in home 54% of the attempters were impulsive (i e they considered suicide for less than 2 hours prior to the attempt); 40% had a mental illness at the time of the attempt (primarily affective disorders); among them, only 30% had ever sought help for psychological problems and only 16% had consulted mental health professionals Conclusion:compared to the West, the rate of mental illness in suicide attempters in China is much lower and the use of agricultural poison in the attempt is much more common更多还原