【摘要】 目的了解甲基叔丁基醚 (MTBE)无铅汽油的基本毒性 ,为职业及环境污染危害寻找有价值的健康监护指标。方法　大、小鼠经口、呼吸道染毒 ,兔经皮染毒 ,求半数致死量 (LD50 、LC50 ) ;采用定期递增剂量法进行小鼠蓄积毒性实验 ,大鼠经呼吸道静式染毒研究其亚慢性毒性。结果　大、小鼠经口LD50 分别为 15 730、15 86 0mg/kg·bw ;经呼吸道LC50 分别为 12 35 0 0、114380mg/m3 :兔经皮LD50 >5 0 0 0mg/kg·bw ;小鼠蓄积系数K >5LC50 ;亚慢性毒性试验中血常规未见异常 ;高、中剂量组的谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)高于低剂量组 ,差别有显著性 ;MTBE无铅防爆汽油 3个剂量组的免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量均低于汽油染毒组和对照组 ,差别有统计学意义 ;MTBE无铅汽油 3个剂量组及汽油组肝脏、肾脏的脏器系数与对照组相比差异有显著性 ,汽油组肺的脏器系数与对照组相比差别有统计学意义 ,病理切片显示MTBE无铅汽油引起肝细胞透明变性和肾近曲小管上皮细胞变性及肾近曲小管蛋白管型。结论MTEB无铅汽油属微毒类、轻度蓄积物质 ,对动物的肝脏、肾脏及免疫功能有一定的损害作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate basic toxicities of MTBE UG and to look for valuable indicators on health surveillance.Methods The acute toxicities were conducted with mice,rats and rabbites,through oral,inhalation and dermal contaminations.The accumulative toxicity and subchronic toxicity test were also studied in the meantime.Results LD 50 of rats and mice were 15 730 and 15 860mg/kg·bw respectively,while LC 50 were 123 500 and 114 380mg/m 3 respectively.The accumulation coefficient(K cum) is greater than 5LC 50.In subchronic toxicity test,no significant differences were observed in several indexes of blood routine.Only ALT in 12 biochemical indicators increased in the high dose and medium dose groups.The immunoglobulin A(IgA)in three exposure to MTBE UG groups were lower than that in gasoline and control groups.The mean weights of liver and kidney were significantly different between exposed rats and unexposed rats.Pathological examinations showed that hyalinosis of hepatic cell,epithelial cell degeneration and protein cast of proximal convoluted tubule were induced by MTBE UG.Conclusions MTBE UG belonged to a lower toxicity and slightly accumulative substance.It had damage effects on animal’s liver,kidney and immunity function up to a point.更多还原