【摘要】 用体积比 3∶7的 2 0g LNaOH溶液 乙醇液多次萃取酸值 0 .0 6mgKOH g的大庆原油 ,分离出酸性活性组分。将该组分在色谱柱上用不同溶剂洗脱 ,得到极性不同的 5个级分。其中正己烷级分 (6 .4 % )为烷烃 ,苯级分 (4.7% )为芳烃和稠环烃 ,丙酮级分 (3.5 % )和乙酸 乙醇 (体积比 1∶19)级分 (8.5 % )只含少量脂肪酸。在乙酸乙酯级分 (6 4 .0 % )中 ,用气相色谱 质谱方法鉴定出 17种正构脂肪酸 (C9～C32 )和 13种异构脂肪酸 (C9～C1 9)并测定了在级分中的含量。测定了原油、萃余油、用正庚烷配制的乙酸乙酯级分模拟油 (模拟油 1)和C1 0 ～C30 混合正构烷烃标样模拟油 (模拟油 2 )与不同浓度的NaOH溶液之间的动态界面张力 ,模拟油 1的界面张力低于模拟油 2的界面张力 ,据此认为异构脂肪酸比正构脂肪酸具有较好的界面活性。图 4表 3参 7。更多还原

【Abstract】 The interfacially active components in Daqing crude oil of acid value 0.06 mg KOH/g oil are isolated by an extraction procedure with mixture 20 g/L NaOH solution+ethyl alcohol in volume ratio 3∶7 and divided into five fractions of different polarity chromatographically on silica gel column. Of these the n hexane fraction (6.4%) composed of aliphatic hydrocarbons, the benzene fraction (4.7%)-aromatic and condensed cyclic hydrocarbons, acetone fraction (3.5%) and acetic acid+ethyl alcohol (1∶19 in volume) fraction (8.5%) contain a small amount of aliphatic acids. In the ethylacetate fraction (64.0%), 17 normal aliphatic acids of C 9-C 32 and 13 isomeric ones of C 9-C 19 are identified and quantitatively determined by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The interficial tensions (IFTs) are measured between original and residual (without active components) crude and two simulation oils and NaOH solution of different concentration and it is found that the IFTs of simulation oil 1( n heptane+ethylacetate fraction) is lower than that of simulation oil 2( n heptane+mixed C 10 -C 30 n alkanes). Thus it might be ascertained that isomeric aliphatic acids are interfacially more active than normal ones do.更多还原