【摘要】 以 11个水稻亚种间杂种、 1个籼型品种间杂种和 7个籼、粳、爪哇型品种为材料 ,研究了低温对雌、雄配子育性和结实率的影响。结果表明 ,多数品种的结实率对温度敏感 ,而亚种间杂种更易受温度影响。当花粉充实和开花受精处在日均温 13.7～ 2 9.3℃的范围内时 ,温度每降低 1度 ,亚种间杂种的花粉育性平均降低 3.4 2± 1.6个百分点 ,结实率平均降低 6 .74± 1.6个百分点。亚种间杂种开花期适宜日均温为 2 6 .8± 1.9℃ ,安全日均温为 2 4 .6± 2 .9℃ ,比常规稻的平均值分别高 1.2℃和 2 .0℃。低温使雄配子的育性降低 ,从而导致结实率降低 ,因此 ,改善花粉的耐低温能力是稳定亚种间杂种结实率的重要途径。通过筛选 ,能够选育到气候适应性广的高产稳产亚种间杂交稻组合。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the present study, eleven intersubspecific hybrids, one indica hybrid and seven indica, japonica or javanica inbred cultivars were used to investigate the effects of temperature on rice seed set and fertility. The results showed that, the seed sets of most of the rice hybrids and cultivars were sensitive to temperature, and it was more sensitive in intersubspecific hybrids. When flowering took place within an averaged daily temperature range of 13.7~29.3℃, the pollen fertility and seed set of intersubspecific hybrids would be reduced by 3.42±1.6% and 6.74±1.6%, respectively, for each degree of temperature lowered. The suitable and safe temperature at the flowering stage were 26.8±1.9℃ and 24.6±2.9℃, or 1.2℃ and 2.0℃ higher than those of the six inbred cultivars, respectively. For stabilizing seed set, it was important to increase the tolerance of male gametes to lower temperature, whereas the female gametes were comparatively more tolerant than the male gametes. It was possible to obtain wide weather adaptable hybrids with more stable seed set through screening in intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding.更多还原