【摘要】 明代北部边防形势的演变与蒙古族进入河套地区有着直接的关系。朱元璋在建立北边防线时对河套问题重视不够 ,朱棣即位后将大宁都司和东胜、兴和撤向内地 ,使明朝防御蒙古族的北边防线出现两大缺口 ,导致宣德年间开平卫撤向内地 ,土木之变后北边险要尽失 ,河套问题遂凸显出来。关于蒙古族各部进入河套的时间 ,诸史记载颇多不同 ,其实蒙古族早在宣德年间即已进入河套 ,正统初年开始扰掠明边 ,到景泰、天顺年间已有比较著名的部落在河套活动 ,成化以后河套成为蒙古族永久的根据地。蒙古族进入河套之后 ,给明朝的北边地区造成了极大的压力 ,形成明代中叶延续百余年之久的北部边防危机。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Mongolia entered the southern aera alongside the Yellow River between Ningxia and Middle Hebei had gotten direction with the Ming Dynasty northern border defense situation.Zhuyuanzhang establish the north defense line hour to river set the problem is thoughtful of not enough, the Zhudi ascend the throne the empress big rather and all Daning Militiary Establishment is with the Dongsheng , Xinghe withdraw face hinterland, and make the Ming Dynasty defense Mongolia of the north the defense line appear two greatest indentations, and cause the virtuous year of Xuande to open the even Weiping to withdraw face hinterland, flashing it after becoming the north hazardous to the utmost lose, river set the problem to highlight out. Concerning the time of Mongolia tribe entering the Hetao, relative historical records carry rather many differently. In fact, Mongolia entered the Hetao as early as Xuande years. From the early years of Zhengtong Mongolia began to intrude and plunder the frontier. In the days of Jingtai and Tiansun, several more famous mongol tribe frequently worked in the area.After Chengsun,Hetao become Mongolia base of permanence. Mongolia after enter the river set, to the clear of the north the region result ined tremendous of pressure, formation the Ming Dynasty middle period continue 100 remaining years of life it long northern part border defense crisis.更多还原