【摘要】 用沉淀法和色谱分离法将克拉玛依原油分离成沥青质、极性物和抽余油三组分。红外光谱分析表明 ,沥青质和极性物中存在一些含氧官能团的羧酸类或酚类以及含氮化合物 ,而抽余油则主要为烃类物质 ,因而沥青质和极性物的界面活性大于抽余油。沥青质具有较强的油包水 (W /O)乳化能力 ,是造成克拉玛依原油W /O乳化的主要组分 ;极性物具有较强的水包油 (O/W )乳化能力 ,是造成克拉玛依原油O/W乳化的主要组分 ;抽余油的乳化能力很弱更多还原

【Abstract】 Kelamayi crude oil was separated into asphaltene, polar fraction and remaining fraction by precipitation method and separation through silica gel column. The components of the fractions have been investigated. The results showed that the differences of the components and contents of the fractions in crude oil were obvious. The asphaltene and polar fraction contain considerable amount of heteroatomic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, etc, so they are interfacially active. The remaining fraction contains mainly hydrocarbons, so it is interfacially non active. In Kelamayi crude oil, the asphaltene fraction possesses a comparatively strong ability of forming W/O emulsion and plays a dorminant role. The polar fraction forms an O/W emulsion. The remaining fraction has a weak ability to form emulsion.更多还原