【摘要】 目的 为了有效控制甲型和乙型肝炎病毒的感染和发病，提高下一代人群免疫力。方法 根据甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎的流行病学及免疫学特征，结合我市人群免疫状况，制订了一套切实可行的甲型和乙型肝炎疫苗计划免疫管理模式，对接种对象、免疫程序、接种剂量与方法、运转方式、疫苗供应、统计与报表等内容进行了科学、系统地要求，并通过全市计划免疫网络组织实施。结果 通过管理模式的实施，疫苗接种建卡（簿）率达到99.52％，建证率达到98.34％；甲型肝炎疫苗接种率达到96．25％，乙型肝炎疫苗三针全程接种率达到98．30％。实施前后对比，甲型肝炎发病率从289．68/十万下降到21．35/十万，下降了92.63％；乙型肝炎发病率从200．37/十万下降到 70．94/十万，下降了64.60％；血清中抗-HAV阳性率由 33．80％上升到 91．57％，抗-HBs阳性率由 42．72％上升到88．76％；从1998－2000年，我市幼儿园、学校等儿童聚集单位未出现甲型和乙型肝炎的暴发疫情。结论 收到了明显的社会效益，也进一步促进和扩大了我市计划免疫与疾病控制工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Abstract] Objective To control the infections and morbidities of hepatitis A and B and improve the immunity of population of the next generation. Methods A practical management mode of planned immunization with hepatitis A and B vaccines was developed according to the epidemic and immunological characteristics of hepatitis A and B as well as the immune state of population in Yichang City, Hubei Province. The management mode including a series of scientific and systemic requirements for vaccination subject, immune schedule, dosage, vaccination route, transport, supply and statistical data of hepatitis A and B vaccines were implemented by the planned immunization net of the whole city. Results After the management mode was implemented , vaccination cards and certificates were distributed to 99.52% and 98.34% of the children in the city respectively, and the immunization rates of hepatitis A and B vaccines reached 96.25% and 98.30% respectively. Compared with those before implement, the morbidity of hepatitis A and B decreased by 92.63% (from 289.687 100,000 to 21.35/ 100,000) and 64.60% (from 200.37/100,000 to 70.94/100,000) respectively, and the serum anti - HAV and anti - HBV positive rates increased from 33.80% and 42.72% to 91.57% and 88.76% respectively. No outbreak of hepatitis A or B occurred during 1998 - 2000 in the places in which children gathered, such as kindergartens and schools. Conclusion The implement of the management mode has gained good social benefit and promoted the development of planned immunization and disease control.更多还原