【摘要】 以海南尖峰岭自然保护区热带山地雨林为标准样地 ,研究热带土壤动物在原始生境中的群落结构。样地设 5个固定取样点 ,每月固定时间用 3种方法 ,对原生动物、线虫和其它大、中型土壤动物分别取样。调查结果显示 :(1 )以风干土培养法获得的原生动物共有 1 8目 72种 ,种类以纤毛虫类为主 ,数量则以肉足虫类为主。本调查点与以北各地带相比 ,其分布的种类较少 ,这与热带林枯枝落叶层薄有关。 (2 )以湿漏斗法获得的线虫有 7目 76种 ,为国内各地带之首。其中矛线目种类及个体数量均占多数。 (3 )以手拣和大、小干漏斗法获得的土壤动物共有 3 2个类群 (以目为主 ) ,其多样性指数(H′)高于本区以北各地带调查点。类群的重要性 ,按平均数量及其稳定性来排序 ,排在最前的几个类群有蚂蚁、鞘翅目、蚯蚓、及等翅目等。比西双版纳热带沟谷雨林的土壤动物群落结构更具热带性更多还原

【Abstract】 The community characteristics of soil animals in tropical rain forest was studied as one part of the research on the community composition and dynamics in different climatic zones of China. The protozoan, nematodes and other soil animals in the nucleus of Jianfengling Nature Reserve in Hainan, South China (N18° 23′~18° 52′,E108° 36′~109° 05′) were sampled and identified. The nature reserve was in the primary tropical forest and was about 800m in altitude. Because of the oceanic climate, the average annual temperature was high and the annual rainfall was heavy there. The dry season was from May to October and the monsoon from December to April. Air dried soil culture was used to collected soil Protozoan, “Baermann” funnel to soil nematodes, hand sorting and “Tullgren” funnel to other macro meso fauna, respectively, in regular intervals every month. The following results were obtained. (1) 72 species of the protozoan, belonging to 18 orders, were collected. Bodondae, Euglyphidae and Colpdidae were the representatives to Flagellates, Amoedae and Ciliates respectively. Ciliates were dominate in species number, which number of dominant species was more than other groups; while Amoedae were dominating in individual number. The species found from the sampling areas were less than that from all the northern zones, such as tropical ravine rain forest in Xishuangbanna (Yunan, China), subtropical evergreen broad leaved forest in Hengshan (Hunan, China) and warm temperate deciduous broad leaved forest in Beijing. This may be due to the thin litter in the tropical forest. (2) 76 species of the nematode, belonging to 7 orders, were found, with more species than in any other zones in China. Dorylaimida had 35 species, which individual number takes up 52.5% of total number. It was dominant in species number and individual number. The diversity of species (H ’) of nematodes there was 3.85, which was higher than tropical ravine rain forest in Xishuangbanna (3.02) and warm temperate deciduous broad leaved forest in Beijing (3.66). (3) 32 orders of macromeso fauna were collected. The main groups were ants, Coleoptera, earthworm, Collembola, Dipura and Isoptera, etc, according to the ordination of stability and average quantity. The specific composition was as follows: 54 species of Lipidoptera belonging to 20 families with dominate species of Noctuidae; 65 species of Oriibatida belonging to 19 families with dominate species of Hsplozetidae; 3 species of Isopoda with 81.3% of isopoda population being Burmoniscius ocellatus ; 14 species of Isoptera and 11 species of Termitidae. The diversity index ( H ’) of the whole macro meso fauna was 1.82, which was higher than that of Xishuangbanna (1.33) in northernmost tropics, Dinghushan (Guangdong, China) (1.50) in south subtropics, Hengshan (0.93) in mid subtropics and Tianmushan (Zhejiang, China) (0.64). (4)The results showed that the soil animal community in Jianfengling Mountain reflected more tropical characteristics.更多还原