【摘要】 以芦苇湿地为介质净化石油开采过程中落于地面的原油 ,研究了中试条件下芦苇湿地的净化效果及落地原油对土壤和芦苇介质的影响。结果表明 :芦苇湿地对不同施入剂量的落地原油都有较好的净化率 ,在试验运行期内 ,芦苇湿地对矿物油的净化率高达 88%～ 96 %。落地原油对土壤的污染基本局限于表层 ,对深层土壤的污染趋势并不明显 ,一般 4 0～6 0 cm土层的矿物油含量已接近或低于对照区表层土的背景值 ;落地原油对芦苇生长指标的影响表现出两面性 ,一方面抑制芦苇的叶龄指数和株高生长量 ,另一方面又能刺激芦苇的长粗、增加芦苇的生物量 ;落地原油对纤维素、木质素、戊糖、纤维素宽及纤维素长宽比等芦苇品质指标的影响很小 ,一些指标甚至优于对照区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Contamination of ground crude oils is international concern. Conventional technologies including physio-chemical treatments are expensive with regard to their consumption of chemicals or energy. Wetland systems can serve as attractive alternatives to conventional treatment processes by advantage of low capital costs, low energy consumption, and low maintenance requirements. However, in China, this method is only at the laboratory level. Currently, no research has been published related to reed wetlands to treat ground crude oils. Two key questions that were investigated were as follows: (1)Determining effectiveness of reed wetlands nearby Shuguan oil refinery plant in Liaohe Oilfield. (2)Determining influences of ground crude oils on reed wetland system. The study site is located in the Liaohe Oilfield, the northeast of China. The reed wetland consisted of four reed beds and a control bed with parallel arrangement, 6m length and 5m in width, with a surface area of 30m 2. A central 10m thick, 0.5m high soil partitions divided each reed bed. The wetland was walled with dimensions: 0.7m top wide, 2.1m bottom wide and 1m high. Reed bed 1#was dosed with ground crude oils (with 30% mineral oil concentration)0.2 kg/m 2, i.e., mineral oil concentrations in the surface soil (0～20cm deep) was 240mg/kg soil; reed bed 2# with 2 kg/m 2, 2400mg/kg; reed bed 3# with 6kg/m 2, 7200mg/kg; reed bed 4# with 18kg/m 2, 21600mg/kg; the control bed with no ground crude oils. Both experiments were operated seven months annual. The soil samples were collected and analyzed for pH, salt, organics, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) according to the standard method. As measured, the ground crude oils had litter effect on pH value in the surface soil (0～20cm deep). The TN and TP concentrations were slightly lower in the reed beds than in the control bed. The salt concentration was strongly lower in the reed beds than in the control bed. In reed bed 3#, the pH value and salt concentration in deeper soil were higher than in the upper soil, whereas TN, TP, organics concentration had the converse law, indicating that the wetland soils in the presence of ground crude oils were in conformity with the normal soil distraction principle, and the ground crude oils had litter effect on physiochemical property of soil. In order to evaluate the ground crude oils movement in soil, the soil profile sample in reed bed 3# were analyzed. The results showed that in experiments, the mineral oil concentrations in the surface soil (0～20cm deep) were different strongly, while in the deep soil (20～80cm deep), they were equivalent. The mean removal efficiencies of reed beds on mineral oil in reed bed 3# were 88%, 96%. The results showed that within 0.2～18kg ground crude oil /m 2 soil dosed into reed wetland, it would inhibit the initial reed germination. After Day 40, the ground crude oils had litter impact on the final reed germination. During the experiments there did not appear to be a trend of number of leaves. Mineral oils in ground crude oils had different impact on reed height during the experiments and the reed height increased with increasing ground crude oils level. At experiment Ⅰ, reed biomass in reed bed 4# was 2.5 times higher than in the control bed. At final harvest, biomass of plant was 346g/m 2 higher in the reed bed 1# than in the control bed, suggesting that biomass of plant in reed beds was higher than in the control bed. The result also suggested that the ground crude oils had litter effect on reed quality indices such as cellulose, pentose, and lignin. The reed wetland located in the Liaohe Oilfield was used to purify ground crude oils. The results obtained showed that large amounts of pollutants especially mineral oil in the ground crude oils could be removed. The removal efficiencies of reed wetland increased with increasing the ground crude oil level. The mineral oil concentration in the deep soil (40～80cm deep) of reed bed was lower than in the surface soil of the control bed. The results suggested that th更多还原