【摘要】 土壤侵蚀将导致严重的土地退化和其它环境危害 ,侵蚀危害的评估需要关于侵蚀速率和侵蚀的时空分布模式的大量信息。1 37Cs具有独特的输入来源和地球化学性质 ,使其成为研究自1 37Cs首次沉降以来约 30年的平均土壤侵蚀速率的最优示踪剂。比例模型、简化的质量平衡模型、基于1 37Cs地表富集的质量平衡模型、剖面分布模型是近年来常用的几种模型 ,各有其优势和局限性。这些模型都是在一些假设的基础上推导出来的 ,这些假设是否成立需要理论论证和实验验证 ,文章对多数定量模型所含的假设条件进行讨论更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil erosion induced serious soil degradation and other environmental hazards. The evaluation of effect of erosion and the soil conversation need a large number of data about erosion rates and modes. Then the government and peasants can adopt an economical and effective method to reduce erosion rates and rectify land use. 137 Cs is a kind of radionuclide with special input source and geochemistry characteristic. It came from nuclear weapon tests and nuclear reactor accidents in 1950s～1970s. 137 Cs falls to soil surface with rainfall and integrated with soil particle, then move with particle. It became the best tracer to quantify erosion rates in about 30 years scales in all nuclides. Proportional model, simplified mass balance model, a mass balance model based on surface enrichment, profile distribution model are the several familiar quantitative models. They have themselves’ advantages and limitations. But these quantitative models are all deduced with much hypothesis. These hypothesis should be reasoned and validated. This paper discussed some hypothesis in the end.更多还原