【摘要】 在分析退田还湖工程对洞庭湖区生态环境影响因素的基础上 ,就工程对洞庭湖区生态环境的影响进行了预测 ,获得了退田还湖能扩大洞庭湖行蓄洪能力、改善湖区局部气候和水质、有利于生物多样性保护和血吸虫病流行控制的有利结论。工程实施以后 ,洞庭湖行洪能力将增加 10 %以上 ,在特大洪水年 ,蓄洪垸和单退垸高水还湖可扩大湖面面积 13 43km2 ,加上现有天然湖泊面积 2 62 5km2 ,可达 3 968km2 ,接近新中国成立初期天然湖面积。同时指出了不仅工程和移民集镇建设占压部分土地、破坏地表植被、产生水土流失 ,而且可能会因环境基础设施的缺乏或建设滞后 ,乡镇工业“三废”、居民生活污水与垃圾得不到及时有效处理 ,带来安置区局部水质和土壤污染风险 ,并提出了湖区生态环境保护的建议与对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through analysis of influencing factors on ecological environment of Dongting lake area,the impact of "returning farmland to lake" works is predicted and it is concluded that "returning farmland to lake" can increase flood discharge and storage capacity of Dongting lake,improving local climate and water quality,it will be favorable to the protection of biological diversity and control of epidemic schistosomiasis.The implementation of the works will increase the flood release capacity of the Dongting lake by 10% plus.In extraordinary flood years,the lake area will increase 1 343 km\+2 due to the operation of flood storage polders,and plus the present natural lake area of 2 625 km\+2 the lake area will reach 3 968 km\+2,closing to the natural lake area in 1950 s.In the meantime,the construction of the works and towns for the relocatees will need some lands,destroy surface vegetation and cause soil-water losses.The water and soil pollution in resettlement area may happen for insufficient or delayed construction of environmental infrastructures and uneffective treatment of "3 wastes" from township enterprises and civil sewage and garbage.The countermeasures and suggestions for the ecological environment protection in lake area are suggested.更多还原