【摘要】 地表特征和下垫面物理性质在时空分布上的差异 ,造成地表能量分布的不均 ,地球表面的半球反射在气候领域是一个非常重要的参数 ,它在地 气能量交换中决定着能量在地 气之间的分配比率。反照率随地表覆盖类型的变化具有很大的差异 ,而这往往是形成区域小气候差异的原因。文中通过统计和双向反射模型 ,应用NOAA14 AVHRR数据并结合地理信息系统 ,反演计算了 1997年中国月平均反照率的分布 ,并对结果做了分析检验。更多还原

【Abstract】 The interactions of atmosphere, ocean, rock, glacier and creature lead to the global climate change. Meanwhile, the activity of human being has changed the natural structure of land surface and the inherent balance of atmosphere. All these not only have affect on the global environment change, but also bring forward more strict requirement to GCM. Land surface is composed by the earth’s surface feature with different configurations and physical characteristics. Every kind of earth’s surface feather has individual fashion of energy distribution and mass exchange. Because of violent change with time, the earth’s surface feathers seriously affect equilibrium of energy, momentum and mass between the earth’s surface and atmospheric layers. Practically, the distribution of land-surface category is irregular and takes on horizontal anisotropy. When difference is very large between land-surface and surroundings, local especial micro-climate is created. Though turbulent convection of atmospheric layers, it affects large-scale environment change, for vegetation, this point is even more obvious. With broad area and crossing several climate regions, there are many types of complicared land-surface cover China. According to classification in 1997, monthly information of vegetation has more change, and the change of snow is largest. The different land-surface physical characteristics and role in the transfer of mass, energy and momentum, it is necessary to build up an accurate GIS database of land-surface type to provide GCM perfect transcendental knowledge. This is precondition to derive surface albedo. Surface albedo describes the inner structure information of vegetation and distribution of energy, It defines how to distribute energy and mass between the earth’s surface and atmospheric layers. The difference of land surface feature and physical characteristics is mainly reason that cause anisotropic distribution of albedo, it is also the reason that form areal climate. In this paper, applying statistic models, bidirectional reflectance models and NOAA14-AVHRR data, we retrieve the monthly mean albedo in 1997, and analyse the result. Land surface cover type obviously change in every year because of the activity of human. This inevitably makes environment to modify and lastly lead global climate change through the convection of large-scale atmospheric circulation. So, it is important to study the land suface albedo.更多还原