【摘要】 利用 1 996- 0 4- 2 0— 0 5- 1 0在内蒙古自治区吉兰泰气象站以及 1 997- 0 4- 0 5—2 7在内蒙古自治区阿拉善右旗气象站观测到的风、温、湿廓线资料 ,应用空气动力学方法 ,计算了每天各观测时次的湍流动量通量、湍流感热通量和湍流潜热通量 ,并且比较分析了荒漠下垫面不同沙尘天气状况下的湍流动量通量、感热通量和潜热通量的日变化。结果表明 :在沙漠地区春季无降水天气状况下 ,晴空条件下 ,白天热力湍流甚于动力湍流 ,在近地层最重要的物质交换是湍流感热交换 ;浮尘天气条件下 ,近地层湍流输送较晴空天气条件下弱 ;扬沙天气条件下 ,近地层湍流感热交换和湍流动量交换都是主要的湍流交换 ,并且湍流动量通量的峰值较晴空峰值大将近一个量级 ,湍流感热通量的峰值大于浮尘天气峰值 ,但小于晴空条件下峰值 ;沙尘暴天气条件下 ,湍流动量通量和感热通量一样都是最重要的湍流交换 ,湍流交换强于扬沙天气 ,强的感热对沙漠地区局地性沙尘暴的产生和加强起着重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the wind,temperature and humidity profile data obtained at Jilantai station,Inner Mongolia from April 20 to May 10 in 1996 and at Alashan Youqi station,Inner Mongolia from April 5 to May 27 in 1997,the momentum,sensible and latent heat fluxes have been calculated by an aerodynamic method.Furthermore,the diurnal variations of the fluxes in different dust and sand weather conditions over the desert area have been analysed.The results suggest that the diurnal thermal turbulence is stronger than the dynamic turbulence in the surface layer and the most important material exchange is sensible heat turbulent exchange in a clear sky; in a dust and sand floating weather,the turbulent transfer is weaker than that in a clear sky;in a dust and sand blowing weather,the turbulent exchange of momentum is as same important as that of sensible heat,and the peak value of turbulent momentum flux is about one order greater than that in a clear sky,moreover,the peak value of turbulent sensible heat flux is greater than that in a dust and sand floating weather,but smaller than that in a clear sky; as for sandstorm weather,the turbulent exchange of momentum is as same important as that of sensible heat,and the turbulent exchanges are greater than those in a dust and sand blowing weather,as a result,the strong sensible heat takes an important role in the generating and strengthening of sandstorms.更多还原