【摘要】 [目的 ]研究某市化工行业工伤事故的发生特点、人群和时间分布特征、主要原因及发生趋势。 [方法 ]对该市化工行业 1983年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 12月间发生的工伤死亡和重伤事故进行回顾性调查分析。 [结果 ]该市化工行业的工伤事故的年平均死亡率从 80年代的 2 5 2 / 10 5职工上升至 90年代的 4 5 5 / 10 5职工。男性的年平均死亡率和重伤率均高于女性。伤亡事故的发生无明显的季节性。工伤事故中机械伤害 (4 0 7% )、高处坠落 (2 4 5 % )等类别多见 ,但爆炸事故的后果最为严重 ;正常生产和检修状态下的事故类别有所不同。事故发生的主要原因是违反操作规程 (5 7 8% )、设备工具缺陷 (14 6% )、防护装置缺陷 (10 2 % )。文化程度较低和年龄较小的职工在罹难者人数中所占比例较高。 [结论 ]该市化工行业工伤事故主要原因是违反操作规程、设备工具和装置缺陷等。应从加强安全教育、改进设备和改善工作环境等方面综合防制更多还原

【Abstract】 This study aimed to clarify the distribution,characteristics,main causes,and trend of occupational injuries in chmical industry in a Chinese city. To carry out retrospective epidemiological investigation on severe and fatal occupational injuries occurred during Jan 1983 to Dec 2000. The annual mortality of occupational injuries raised from 2 52/10 5 employees in 1980s to 4 55/10 5 employees in 1999s. Both the annual mortality and the annual rate of severe injuries in male workers were higher than those in females.There wasnt significant association between occurrence of the accidents and season. The major types of accidents were mechanical equipment injuries (40 7%) and falls (24 5%). However,accidents caused by chemical explosion led to most serious consequence in which many people were killed. The types of accident occurred in regular production condition were different from those occurred in maintenance. The main causes of accidents were violation of operating procedure and safety practice (57 8%),malfunction of equipment (14 6%) and protective equipment (10 2%). Workers with lower education and/or the younger accounted for the higher proportion among all victims. [Conclusion] Occupational accidents in chemical industry in the city were mainly caused by workers infringement of operating procedure and safety practice,malfunction of equipment and protective equipment,etc. The prevention and control of work accidents should be focused on comprehensive approach,including safety education,improvement of equipment and protective equipment.更多还原