【摘要】 目的　了解目前哮喘患者的防治状况 ,进一步以提高哮喘患者的自我防治水平 ;方法　对 5 0 1位哮喘患者进行哮喘问卷调查和肺功能检查 ;结果　 5 0 1例中男性 2 70人 ,女性 2 31人 ;年龄 14～ 78岁 ,平均 4 6 .0 3± 12 .39岁。病程 3～ 6 0年 ,平均 31.4±11.1年。间歇发作、轻度、中度和重度患者分别占 9.0 %、19.0 %、38.7%和 33.3%。有 34.1%患者有哮喘家族史 ,有 6 0 .1%患者同时伴有其他过敏性疾病 (过敏性鼻炎 4 3.3% ,过敏性皮炎 35 .3% ) ,有 80 .0 %患者有明显的诱发因素 (呼吸道感染 39.1%、冷空气2 9.9%、吸入刺激性气体 37.9%、接触已知的过敏原 4 4 .9%、运动或劳累 2 4 .8%及其他 18.6 % )。 2 7.3%和 8.2 %患者在过去一年中曾有哮喘发作史。 83.2 %被调查者已了解吸入型糖皮质激素是目前最有效的预防哮喘的治疗措施 ,其中 32 1人正在接受吸入型糖皮质激素治疗 ,占被调查总人数的 6 4 .1% ,吸入皮质激素的有效率为 2 7.7%。吸入皮质激素的不良反应发生率为 8.7% ,主要表现在咽部不适 (2 .7% )、声嘶 (2 .6 % )、呛咳 (2 .0 % )和恶心 (1.4 % )。合并使用 β2 -受体激动剂、茶碱类药物和抗胆碱能药物的患者分别占 6 2 .1%、38.5 %和 15 .6 % ;合并使用酮替芬、抗白三烯药物和抗组胺药物的?更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To realize the situation of prevention and cure of asthmatics at present,generalize Global Initiative for Asthma furthermore,reinforce medical workers training,renew the knowledge of asthma,we investigated the illness condition and medication of non attack asthmatics,so that we can provide evidence of improving the level of self prevention and cure of asthmatics objectively.Method 501 outpatients of department of respiratory disease accepted asthma questionnaire investigation and pulmonary function test during Fed 2001 to Dec 001.Results Male:270,female:231,the youngest:14 Year old,the eldest:78 year old,the average age is 46.03±12.39 years old.The course of diseases is from 3 to 60 years,the average is 31.4±11.1 years.The proportion of intermittent,mild persistent,moderate persistent and severe persistent is 9.0%,19.0%,38.7% and 33.3% respectively.171 cases(31.4%) have family asthmatic history,301 cases(60.1%) are accompanied with other allergic diseases(allergic rhinitis 43.3%,atopicdermatitis 35.3%)and 401 cases (80.0%) have obvious inductive reasons (respiratory infection 39.1%,cool air 29.9%,inspirating stimulating gas 37.9%,in contact with allergens that have been detected 44.9%?exercises 24.8%,others 18.6%).137 cases (27.3%) experienced emergency visits and 41 cases(8.2%) were hospitalized because of asthma exacerbation in the last year.417 patients (83.2%) have known that inhaled glucocorticoids is currently the most effective prevention and cure medication of asthma and 321 patients(64.1%) have been under the treatment of inhaled glucocorticoids,the effective rate of which is 27.7%.The incidence of adverse effect of inhaled glucocorticoids is 8.7%,most of which are throat unwell(2.7%),hoarseness(2.6%),cough(2.0%)and nausea(1.4%).About 62.1%,38.5% and 15.6% of the patients are treated with β 2 agonists,theophylline and anticholinergics and 14.8%,6.4% and 3.6% of the patients are treated with ketotifen,antileukotrienes and antihistamines in the meantime.Conclusion It is necessary to promote and popularize standard medication of asthma in both patients and medical workers.更多还原