【摘要】 当前，对海洋的开发主要局限于河与海的过渡区的河口。如海上采油、海涂围垦、港口建设、近海排污。开发 活动与一个国家的社会发展、经济建设有关，经济越发达，海岸、河口开发活动的规模也越大，相应对环境的负面影响也越 大。环境污染、生态破坏作为社会工业化的历史代价，其严重性和复杂性已为世人所关注，成为当今世界人类共同关。的 问题，为此，应加强对海岸与河。开发中的生态环境保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 The estuary, the transitional region of river and ocean, is the most important area of the exploitation of ocean, i. e., oil extraction, reclamation, construction of harbors, etc. The exploitation of ocean has a bearing on the social development and economical construction. The more developed economy, the larger the scope of the exploitation on coast and in estuary, and the larger the negative influence on the environment. The severity and complexity of the pollution of the environment and the destruction of ecology are paid close attentions. The principled plans to promote the human improvement with the protection of environment and the development of economy are presented.更多还原