【摘要】 目的　为下肢选择性周围神经切断术提供神经应用解剖学基础。方法　通过 5例 1 0条尸体的大体解剖和 2 0例 39条活体的坐骨神经各亚束的解剖 ,明确手术操作入路及其各层面的坐骨神经各亚束分布规律。结果　坐骨神经在股上部发出肌支至大收肌、半腱肌、半膜肌和股二头肌 ,其在臀肌下纵切口处的分布规律由内向外依次为半腱肌 +大收肌支、股二头肌长头支、半膜肌支、股二头肌短头支 ;胫神经在月国窝部发出肌支到小腿三头肌和胫骨后肌 ,其分布规律由内向外依次为腓肠肌内侧头支、腓肠肌外侧头支、比目鱼肌远支、胫骨后肌支和比目鱼肌近支。结论　坐骨神经和胫神经内部神经束分布规律较为恒定 ,下肢选择性周围神经切断术可行性高 ,采用臀肌下纵切口和月国窝部切口即可完成更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To provide basic applicable anatomy for clinical practical procedures of selective peripheral neurotomy to lower limbs.Methods Ten cases of cadaveric dissection and 39 live bodies’ sciatic nerve dissection were done.We cleared out the surgical procedure and the distributional law of the sciatic nerve.Results The sciatic nerve send out muscular nerve branches to semimembranosus muscle,semitendinosus muscle,bicepsfemoris muscle and adductor magnus muscle.Tibial nerve send out musculor nerve beanches to the triceps muscles of the calf and tibialis posterior muscle.Conclusion The distributional law of the sciatic nerve and tibial nerve is relatively regular.The selective peripheral neurotomy to lower limbs is valuable and can be accomplished through the incisions in thigh and popliteal fossa.更多还原