【摘要】 分析了１９９７年到１９９９年在陕西省旬邑防雹实验区用３　ｃｍ雷达观测到的１４６块雷暴和雹暴云回波资料，　结果表明，　冰雹云和雷雨云的雷达回波特征有明显的差别。冰雹云初期回波和强回波都生成于５．０　ｋｍ（０～－５℃）左右高度，　然后向上伸展或向上向下同时伸展，　以４５　ｄＢｚ回波顶高≥７．０　ｋｍ，　顶温＜－１４℃。雷雨云初期回波和强回波出现高度比较低，　强回波生成后向下伸展；　４５　ｄＢｚ回波顶高＜７．０　ｋｍ，　　顶温高于－１４℃。以４５　ｄＢｚ回波顶高≥７．０　ｋｍ，　或以４５　ｄＢｚ回波顶温度低于－１４℃，　作为识别冰雹云的指标，　再根据强回波生长情况，　可提前５～１０　ｍｉｎ识别出冰雹云，　１９９９年现场识别准确率为８６％。三维冰雹云模式计算结果表明，　云的强回波顶高和强度出现剧烈增长是云内冰雹生成引起的，　这也和雷达观测到的冰雹云降雹的先兆特征“跃增增长”现象一致，　而雷雨云的这些特征不明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 events of thunderstorms and hailstorms have been analyzed in this paper. The data were observed by using two3 cmwavelength weather radarsduring 1997 －1999 inthe Xunyi hail suppression experiment area in Shaanxi Province.The results showed that the radar echo characteristics between hailstormsand thunderstorms are remarkablydifferent. For the former, the altitudes of the initial and intense echoes appear at about 5.0 km(0～-5℃) above sea level. Afterwards, some of them extend upward and the others upward and downwardsimultaneously. The top of their 45 dBz echoesis higher than 7.0 kmin altitude, where the temperature is lower than -14℃. While, for the later, the altitudes of the initial and intense echotop are relatively low and extend downwardonly. Their top of 45 dBz echo is lower than 7.0 kmin altitude, where the temperature is higher than -14℃. In practical application, the altitude of 45 dBz echotop of a storm to be more than 7.0km, or the corresponding temperature lower than -14℃, is adopted for a criteria to identify a hailstorm. Based on the criteria, combining with the evolution of intense echoes, a hailstorm can be identified with 5 to 10 minutes ahead of time of hail falling. The accuracy of identification by using the criteria was 86 percent in Xunyi region during the hail suppression experiment in 1999. Numerical simulations by using the second－version three dimensional Convective Storm Model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CSM2) show that a rapid growth of intense echo top in a hail storm is caused by the formation of hailstones. The numerical result is in consistent with the phenomenon of rapid rising called as an indication of hail shooting in radar observations. However, this character is not significant for thunderstorms.更多还原