【摘要】 利用RAPD技术对我国栉孔扇贝野生种群和养殖群体的遗传结构及其分化进行了研究。在对 2 0个野生栉孔扇贝和 2 0个养殖栉孔扇贝的基因组DNA的检测中 ,2 0个 1 0碱基的随机引物共扩增出 1 5 3条清晰可分辨的DNA片段 ,片段的长度为 2 0 0～3 0 0 0bp其中多态性片段分别为 1 1 6和 1 1 2条 ,野生种群和养殖群体的多态位点比例分别为 75 82 %和 73 47% ,杂合度分别为 0 2 7和 0 2 6。根据基因频率计算出两个群体的近交系数为 0 0 0 1 2 9,遗传距离为 0 0 2 8。栉孔扇贝野生种群的多态位点比例和杂合度处于较高水平 ,说明我国栉孔扇贝野生种群的遗传多样性水平较高 ,种质资源尚处于较好状态 ,应制定相应的渔业生产和管理措施加以保护。养殖群体的多态位点比例和杂合度都低于野生种群 ,这与人工累代养殖过程中 ,群体较小 ,近交机会增加有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) techniques was used to study the genetic structure and genetic differentiation of the natural population and the hatchery stock of Chlamys farreri. Amplifications with 20 10 base primers under predetermined optimal reaction yielded 153 reproducible amplified fragments ranging from 200 to 3000bp. The mean proportions of polymorphic amplified fragments of natural population and the hatchery stock were 75.82% and 73.47% respectively, and the mean hetreozygosities of them were 0.27 and 0.26 respectively. The inbreeding index and genetic distance based on the gene frequencies were 0.00129 and 0.028. The higher values of heterozygosity and proportions of polymorphic loci of the natural population indicated that the natural resource of C. farreri in China was in good condition with higher genetic diversity. It is urgent to establish the effective measures to protect the resource. The hetreozygosity and proportion of polymorphic loci of hatchery stock were lower than that of the natural population, which could be related to the small size of the cultured stock and the higher possibility of inbreeding. The approaches such as Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) should be induced into the scallop culture industry to ensure the sustainable development of the industry.更多还原