【摘要】 根据新疆环境和生态特点 ,将新疆划分为 14个二级生态区进行了研究。结果表明 ,新疆荒漠与非荒漠生态景观面积大致相当 ,但空间分异较大。新疆北部荒漠景观占全区域的约 1/ 3,非荒漠景观占 2 / 3,宏观生态相对稳定 ;新疆东部荒漠景观占全区域的 2 / 3以上 ,宏观生态十分严峻 ;新疆南部荒漠景观占全区域的 1/ 2 ,宏观生态稳定性差。沙漠、绿洲、水体三种主要景观类型中 ,北疆阿尔泰山南坡、伊犁盆地及南疆叶尔羌 -喀什河三角洲地区沙漠化呈降低趋势 ;天山北坡各段及准噶尔盆地西部 ,2 0世纪 90年代以来沙漠化明显减缓 ;新疆东部及南部其余各地区沙漠化均呈现增强趋势。新疆水体景观的变化表现为天然和人工水体面积的消长。近 5 0年来 ,新疆修建的水库和坑塘等人工水体总面积与同期天然水体缩小的面积基本相当 ,表明新疆水体景观再近 5 0年来的变化主要体现为水体的空间位移。绿洲景观的变化表明 ,北疆地区天然绿洲与人工绿洲面积的比例已经从 5 0年代的 5∶1以上下降到约 1∶1;南疆由 6∶1以上下降到 3∶1左右。天然绿洲的减少是绿洲生态局部劣变的标志。研究还表明 ,新疆宏观生态的空间分异主要受自然因素的影响 ,其中 ,区域降水量的影响最为重要。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the largest province and a region with the largest area of desert in China, Xinjiang has the spatially varied environment and ecological characteristics. This paper discusses the spatial differentiation and variety of the macro ecology in Xinjiang. The study indicates that the land area of desertification and no-desertification are almost equally, but the spatial distribution varies dramatically. The area of desertification land is only 1/3 of the total area of north Xinjiang, the macro ecology is relatively stable. The desertification land occupies more than 2/3 of the total area of east Xinjiang, the macro ecology there is severer. The area of desertification land is equal to the area of no-desertification land in south Xinjiang, and the macro ecology is unstable. Desertification land, water bodies and oases are the main ecological types in Xinjiang. The trend of desertification is slowing down in north Xinjiang since 1990s, but it is still developing in south Xinjiang. Since the area of shrunken natural lakes and manmade reservoirs is almost equal in Xinjiang in the recent 50 years, the variety of water bodies expresses as spatial displacement between the natural lake and man-made reservoirs. The variety of oases shows as the decrease of area of the natural oases and increase of the area of manmade oases. The ratio between the area of natural and man-made oases has reduced from 5∶1 to about 1∶1 in north Xinjiang and from 6∶1 to 3∶1 in south Xinjiang since recent 50 years. The decrease of the area of natural oases is the symbol and result of negative change of the ecology for parts of Xinjiang. The study also indicates that the main force causing the macro ecological distinctions in Xinjiang comes from the nature, and the most important factor is the differences of precipitation in various regions.更多还原