【摘要】 最早的古大陆再造基于大陆轮廓的拼接、古生物区系以及古气候方面资料的对比。20世纪50年代古地磁技术的突破为确定大陆的古地理位置、古陆块之间的相互关系以及大陆裂解和大洋扩张的历史提供了更有说服力的证据。60年代,板块构造成为古大陆再造的理论基础,由此推动了技术的发展、观念的更新和学科之间的交融。在成图方面,完善了球面坐标系下古大陆移动、拼合的计算机软件;建成了一系列全球性的古大陆再造基础资料数据库。按照板块构造理论,超级大陆的形成是古大陆拼合的结果,所以对造山带的分析正在成为古大陆再造中最重要的方法,由此也推动了古大陆再造与地质、地球物理、地球化学等多学科理论、技术之间的交叉和集成。主要根据同位素年代学证据和造山带全球性分布的特征,人们推测地质历史上可能发生过多次超级大陆(Supercontinent)或泛大陆(Pangea)聚散事件,但目前对其古地理和构造格局已基本研究清楚的只有古生代的超级大陆冈瓦那(Gondwana)和晚古生代—早中生代的泛大陆。90年代初提出的Rodinia超级大陆,尚处在完善证据和修订模式的阶段。中国古大陆再造研究的主要问题包括:中国古陆块之间的关系、中国古陆块和造山带与冈瓦那大陆及特提斯演化的关系、与欧亚大陆增生演化的关系以及最近提出的中国?更多还原

【Abstract】 The initial paleocontinental reconstruction maps were mainly based on paleontologic and paleoclimatic evidence, and shape-matching of continents. The a breakthrough of paleomagnetism in the 1950s provided a more reliable method for determining the paleogeographic location of isolated continents and their relative positions, and to trace the processes of continental divergence, convergence and ocean crustal spreading. In the 1960s, plate tectonics became the leading theory in the geoscience fields, and promoted great progress of paleocontinental reconstruction. The progress includes new techniques and concepts, and comprehensive research in geology, geophysics and geochemistry in this regard. Computer software for map-making techniques in plate motion on spherical surface were constructed, and some database including paleomagnetic were established for global reconstruction. It is widely accepted that a supercontinent was formed by paleocontinents amalgamation, research on collision tectonics, analysis of orogenic belts, have become one of the most important aspects to paleocontinental reconstruction. The episodic nature of isotopic age concentration all over the world and of the global orogenic events in geologic time has led many geologists believe that the assembly and breakup of supercontinents may have occurred several times in earth history. However, among the supercontinents so far proposed, there are only two: the Gondwanaland mainly existent in the Paleozoic and the Pangea from late Paleozoic through early Mesozoic, in which the geographic and tectonic features have been basically made clear. The supercontinent Rodinia, proposed in the early 1990s, is still in the stage of discussion and modification. The main issues concerning the paleocontinental reconstruction research in China include the tectonic relationship between the major continental blocks of China and, the relationship between the Chinese blocks with Gondwanaland and other paleocontinents. For the time being, to determine the geographic positions of the various Chinese blocks within the scope of supercontinent Rodinia has become interesting and challenging so far as Rodinia reconstruction is concerned. The use of different data sets will lead to different reconstruction models, and the problem of reliability and adequate interpretation of the existing data should draw our special attention. In fact, much more new high - quality data in geochronology, paleomagnetism and detailed measurements of related regional structures are of virtual necessity in China. Studies of paleocontinental reconstruction will envisage many aspects of research in earth science frontiers. To name a few, biodiversification in relation to a supercontinent environment; possible super-plume activities in connection to supercontinent breakup; true polar wander of earth magnetic field; snow-ball earth occurrence; global-scale mineralization. These aspects will require people to study the earth as unity, and to implore the relationship between the different earth’s spheres down to the deep interior and these are prerequisites before we may attempt to establish any systematic geoscience theory.更多还原