【摘要】 本文论证了我国这样一个人口大国的就业压力对以技术创新为特征的产业升级所构成的障碍。作者认为 ,巨大的就业压力是造成我国多数产业过度进入的重要原因。大量人口为了生存而建立起低层次企业 ,以尽可能低的劳动力成本和产品价格对高层次企业构成过度竞争 ,而使高层次企业和高档、优质产品受到压抑。廉价劳动力构成对高效率技术和资本的替代效应 ,制约产业的效率型技术创新和资本投入 ,从而不利于劳动生产率及劳动者收入的提高。劳动力过剩而形成的外贸结构固化了低层次产业结构。由于低层次产业中容纳的过量劳动力处于低收入水平 ,其主要对低层次产品构成相应的需求 ,从而使生产和消费间形成低层次供求循环。针对这种效应 ,本文提出了相应的对策选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 In China,in order to survive,quite a lot lay-out workers enter low-level enterprises,in these enterprises more and more low cost and low level commodities are made out.These commodities compete with those high level ones,and the former have price advantage.Cheap labor has substitive effects to efficient technology and capital,it is not good to increase production efficiency and workers’ income.The surplus labors in low level industries only get low income,they have to buy cheap goods,so this Kind of condition makes the low level circulation between production and consumption solid.更多还原